{ "id": "LB-en-abound-025", "slug": "abound", "title": { "en": "ABOUND · 大量存在；富有／充满（in/with 构式）", "zh-Hans": "ABOUND · 大量存在；富有／充满（in/with 构式）" }, "languages": [ { "role": "source", "code": "en", "name": "English", "word": "abound", "pronunciation": "not recorded", "part_of_speech": "verb · 动词" }, { "role": "standard-translation", "code": "zh-Hans", "name": "Chinese", "word": "大量存在／繁盛", "pronunciation": "dàliàng cúnzài / fánshèng" } ], "primary_mapping": { "mapping_id": "MAP-abound-primary", "source": { "language": "English", "word": "abound", "pronunciation": "not recorded" }, "target": { "language": "Chinese", "word": "大量存在／富有／充满", "pronunciation": "dàliàng cúnzài / fánshèng" }, "gloss": { "en": "to be present in large numbers or amounts; to be rich or well supplied", "zh-Hans": "大量存在、充满或富有" }, "meaning": { "en": "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。", "zh-Hans": "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" }, "mapping_type": "Standard / Modern Semantic Mapping; Featured independently selected", "rationale": { "en": "Ordinary meaning is primary; word history, sound comparison, cognition and speculation are evaluated on separate tracks.", "zh-Hans": "普通词义为主；词史、声音比较、认知与推测分轨评价。" } }, "entry_status": "Reviewed", "mapping_status": "Reviewed", "mapping_level": "Unrated", "historical_relation_status": "Not claimed", "evidence": { "Historical": { "status": "Established", "confidence": "High", "summary": { "en": "Abound comes through Anglo-French from Latin abundare ‘overflow’, built from ab- and undare ‘surge’ from unda ‘wave’; it is not derived from English bound.", "zh-Hans": "abound 经盎格鲁法语来自拉丁语 abundare“溢出”，由 ab- 与 undare“涌动”（unda“波浪”）构成；不是由英语 bound 派生。" }, "items": [ { "evidence_id": "HIST-ABOUND-001", "claim": { "en": "Abound comes through Anglo-French from Latin abundare ‘overflow’, built from ab- and undare ‘surge’ from unda ‘wave’; it is not derived from English bound.", "zh-Hans": "abound 经盎格鲁法语来自拉丁语 abundare“溢出”，由 ab- 与 undare“涌动”（unda“波浪”）构成；不是由英语 bound 派生。" }, "status": "Established", "confidence": "High", "source_refs": [ "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] }, "Phonetic-Semantic": { "status": "Candidate", "confidence": "Low", "summary": { "en": "The resemblance of bound/bound-like spelling to 蹦 bèng is approximate and historically unsupported.", "zh-Hans": "bound 一段与“蹦”bèng 的近似有限，且无历史支持。" }, "items": [ { "evidence_id": "PHONSEM-ABOUND-001", "claim": { "en": "The resemblance of bound/bound-like spelling to 蹦 bèng is approximate and historically unsupported.", "zh-Hans": "bound 一段与“蹦”bèng 的近似有限，且无历史支持。" }, "status": "Candidate", "confidence": "Low", "source_refs": [ "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND", "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND", "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] }, "Cognitive": { "status": "Interpretive", "confidence": "Medium", "summary": { "en": "SURGE/OVERFLOW → ABUNDANCE → PROSPERITY supports the author’s image of an economy springing upward.", "zh-Hans": "涌动／溢出 → 丰富 → 繁荣，可承载作者“经济蹦起”的意象。" }, "items": [ { "evidence_id": "COG-ABOUND-001", "claim": { "en": "SURGE/OVERFLOW → ABUNDANCE → PROSPERITY supports the author’s image of an economy springing upward.", "zh-Hans": "涌动／溢出 → 丰富 → 繁荣，可承载作者“经济蹦起”的意象。" }, "status": "Interpretive", "confidence": "Medium", "source_refs": [ "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND" ] }, "Speculative": { "status": "Unestablished", "confidence": "High", "summary": { "en": "The standard meaning is abundance, not specifically economic prosperity; 蹦 is literary/cognitive.", "zh-Hans": "标准义是大量存在，并不限于经济繁荣；“蹦”属于文学／认知联想。" }, "items": [ { "evidence_id": "SPEC-ABOUND-001", "claim": { "en": "The standard meaning is abundance, not specifically economic prosperity; 蹦 is literary/cognitive.", "zh-Hans": "标准义是大量存在，并不限于经济繁荣；“蹦”属于文学／认知联想。" }, "status": "Unestablished", "confidence": "High", "source_refs": [ "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND", "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND", "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] } }, "phonetic_observation": [ { "observation_id": "PHON-ABOUND-001", "claim": { "en": "The resemblance of bound/bound-like spelling to 蹦 bèng is approximate and historically unsupported.", "zh-Hans": "bound 一段与“蹦”bèng 的近似有限，且无历史支持。" }, "status": "Candidate", "limitations": { "en": "Surface resemblance is not a regular cross-language sound correspondence and does not prove cognacy.", "zh-Hans": "表面音近不是规律跨语言音变，也不能证明同源。" } } ], "semantic_structure": { "concepts": [ "ABOUND", "ABUNDANCE", "ABUNDANT", "繁荣" ], "relation": "abound → abundance → abundant → 繁荣", "status": "Interpretive" }, "related_words": [ { "word": "abundance", "language": "English", "relationship_type": "historical derivative", "family": "Latin abundare/abundantia", "relation_to_entry": { "en": "Documented relation in the stated historical family.", "zh-Hans": "在所列历史词族内有文献支持的关系。" }, "status": "Established", "source_refs": [ "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] }, { "word": "bound", "language": "English", "relationship_type": "surface similarity", "family": "separate Germanic/French histories", "relation_to_entry": { "en": "Author comparison or semantic association only; not historical derivation.", "zh-Hans": "仅为作者比较或语义联想；不是历史派生。" }, "status": "Interpretive", "source_refs": [ "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND", "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] }, { "word": "蹦 bèng", "language": "Chinese", "relationship_type": "literary mnemonic", "family": "independent Sinitic history", "relation_to_entry": { "en": "Author comparison or semantic association only; not historical derivation.", "zh-Hans": "仅为作者比较或语义联想；不是历史派生。" }, "status": "Interpretive", "source_refs": [ "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND", "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] } ], "semantic_associations": [ { "association_id": "ASSOC-ABOUND-001", "relation": "SURGE/OVERFLOW → ABUNDANCE → PROSPERITY supports the author’s image of an economy springing upward.", "status": "Interpretive", "is_etymological": false } ], "hypotheses": [ { "hypothesis_id": "UNI-LEGACY-ABOUND-001", "type": "Original Author Hypothesis / legacy phonetic-semantic observation", "claim": { "en": "Jinkai Liu’s original note is preserved verbatim: “abound，繁荣。蹦 beng。经济蹦起即繁荣。”", "zh-Hans": "Jinkai Liu 原始观察逐字保留：“abound，繁荣。蹦 beng。经济蹦起即繁荣。”" }, "status": "Candidate", "confidence": "Low", "supporting_cases": [ "abound", "大量存在／繁盛" ], "counterexamples": [ "The standard meaning is abundance, not specifically economic prosperity; 蹦 is literary/cognitive.", "No regular cross-language sound correspondence has been demonstrated." ], "testability": { "en": "Test phonetic similarity and semantic fit separately with blinded controls and independent historical review.", "zh-Hans": "以盲法对照和独立词源核验分别测试声音相似度与语义适配。" }, "experiment_link": null, "source_refs": [ "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND", "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] } ], "counterevidence": [ { "counterevidence_id": "COUNTER-ABOUND-001", "statement": { "en": "The standard meaning is abundance, not specifically economic prosperity; 蹦 is literary/cognitive.", "zh-Hans": "标准义是大量存在，并不限于经济繁荣；“蹦”属于文学／认知联想。" }, "confidence": "High", "source_refs": [ "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND", "REF-MW-ABOUND" ] } ], "experiments": [], "literary_layer": { "status": "Preserved from legacy note", "is_historical_evidence": false, "proposition": { "en": "SURGE/OVERFLOW → ABUNDANCE → PROSPERITY supports the author’s image of an economy springing upward.", "zh-Hans": "涌动／溢出 → 丰富 → 繁荣，可承载作者“经济蹦起”的意象。" }, "essay_prose": [], "poem_lyrics": [], "translations": [], "archival_manuscript_media": [], "evidence_boundary": { "en": "The legacy image may be developed as literature or mnemonic, but it is not historical evidence.", "zh-Hans": "旧站意象可作为文学或记忆法展开，但不是历史证据。" } }, "media": [], "references": [ { "reference_id": "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND", "title": "languagesbook.com legacy entry: abound，繁荣。蹦 beng。经济蹦起即繁荣", "type": "legacy author publication", "url": "https://languagesbook.com/glossary/a-bound%ef%bc%8c%e6%a3%92%ef%bc%9b%e7%b9%81%e8%8d%a3%e3%80%82/", "path": null, "provenance": "author-published legacy website; imported 2026-09-01; original observation preserved independently from evaluation" }, { "reference_id": "REF-MW-ABOUND", "title": "Merriam-Webster Dictionary: abound", "type": "dictionary", "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/abound", "path": null, "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01" }, { "reference_id": "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01", "title": "Merriam-Webster · abound", "type": "Scoped source inherited from approved Discovery / Editorial Freeze", "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/abound", "path": null, "provenance": "2026-09-20 approved research; Chinese print edition/page Pending; digital transcription is mediated evidence." }, { "reference_id": "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-02", "title": "识典古籍《汉语大词典》义项摘要 · 溢", "type": "Scoped source inherited from approved Discovery / Editorial Freeze", "url": "https://www.shidianguji.com/character/溢", "path": null, "provenance": "2026-09-20 approved research; Chinese print edition/page Pending; digital transcription is mediated evidence." }, { "reference_id": "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-03", "title": "汉典 · 丰", "type": "Scoped source inherited from approved Discovery / Editorial Freeze", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/丰", "path": null, "provenance": "2026-09-20 approved research; Chinese print edition/page Pending; digital transcription is mediated evidence." }, { "reference_id": "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-04", "title": "汉典 · 满", "type": "Scoped source inherited from approved Discovery / Editorial Freeze", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/满", "path": null, "provenance": "2026-09-20 approved research; Chinese print edition/page Pending; digital transcription is mediated evidence." }, { "reference_id": "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-05", "title": "汉典 · 沛", "type": "Scoped source inherited from approved Discovery / Editorial Freeze", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/沛", "path": null, "provenance": "2026-09-20 approved research; Chinese print edition/page Pending; digital transcription is mediated evidence." }, { "reference_id": "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-06", "title": "汉典 · 多", "type": "Scoped source inherited from approved Discovery / Editorial Freeze", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/多", "path": null, "provenance": "2026-09-20 approved research; Chinese print edition/page Pending; digital transcription is mediated evidence." }, { "reference_id": "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-07", "title": "汉典 · 蹦", "type": "Scoped source inherited from approved Discovery / Editorial Freeze", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/蹦", "path": null, "provenance": "2026-09-20 approved research; Chinese print edition/page Pending; digital transcription is mediated evidence." }, { "reference_id": "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-08", "title": "汉典 · 邦", "type": "Scoped source inherited from approved Discovery / Editorial Freeze", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/邦", "path": null, "provenance": "2026-09-20 approved research; Chinese print edition/page Pending; digital transcription is mediated evidence." }, { "reference_id": "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-09", "title": "Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries · abound", "type": "Scoped source inherited from approved Discovery / Editorial Freeze", "url": "https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/abound", "path": null, "provenance": "2026-09-20 approved research; Chinese print edition/page Pending; digital transcription is mediated evidence." } ], "author": "Jinkai Liu", "version": "Legacy Website Import Batch 001 / Schema v1.0", "dates": { "created": null, "modified": "2026-09-01", "published": null }, "editorial_notes": [ { "en": "Legacy Batch 001 disposition: Reviewed; priority 88.8/100 is editorial triage only.", "zh-Hans": "旧站 Batch 001 归类：Reviewed；优先分 88.8/100 仅用于编辑分流。" }, { "en": "The standard meaning is abundance, not specifically economic prosperity; 蹦 is literary/cognitive.", "zh-Hans": "标准义是大量存在，并不限于经济繁荣；“蹦”属于文学／认知联想。" }, { "en": "Semantic research value ≠ phonetic match. Featured is optional; independent from evidence. Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。", "zh-Hans": "Semantic research value ≠ phonetic match. Featured is optional; independent from evidence. Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" } ], "search_terms": [ "abound", "abundance", "abundant", "繁荣", "繁盛", "大量", "充满", "蹦", "beng", "overflow", "大量存在；富有／充满（in/with 构式）", "溢", "丰", "满", "沛", "大量存在" ], "page": "words/abound.html", "legacy": { "batch_id": "LEGACY-WEBSITE-IMPORT-BATCH-001", "source_url": "https://languagesbook.com/glossary/a-bound%ef%bc%8c%e6%a3%92%ef%bc%9b%e7%b9%81%e8%8d%a3%e3%80%82/", "additional_source_urls": [], "source_page": 1, "source_site": "languagesbook.com" }, "source": { "type": "author-published legacy website note", "author": "Jinkai Liu", "status": "Preserved; claims independently classified above", "normalization": "Legacy title/body excerpt retained; punctuation normalized only where needed for readability.", "raw_note": "abound，繁荣。蹦 beng。经济蹦起即繁荣。" }, "batch": { "batch_id": "LEGACY-WEBSITE-IMPORT-BATCH-001", "ordinal": 2, "disposition": "Reviewed", "priority_score": 88.8 }, "standard_translation": { "source": "abound", "target": "大量存在；富有／充满（in/with 构式）", "status": "Supported", "is_featured_mapping": false, "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ] }, "modern_standard_semantic_mapping": { "mapping_id": "MAP-abound-primary", "source": { "language": "English", "word": "abound", "pronunciation": "not recorded" }, "target": { "language": "Chinese", "word": "大量存在／富有／充满", "pronunciation": "dàliàng cúnzài / fánshèng" }, "gloss": { "en": "to be present in large numbers or amounts; to be rich or well supplied", "zh-Hans": "大量存在、充满或富有" }, "meaning": { "en": "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。", "zh-Hans": "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" }, "mapping_type": "Standard / Modern Semantic Mapping; Featured independently selected", "rationale": { "en": "Ordinary meaning is primary; word history, sound comparison, cognition and speculation are evaluated on separate tracks.", "zh-Hans": "普通词义为主；词史、声音比较、认知与推测分轨评价。" } }, "diachronic_semantic_mapping": { "model_version": "0.1", "historical_stages": [ { "stage_id": "AO1", "form": "unda / undāre", "variants": [], "unit_kind": "lemma", "language": { "name": "Latin", "code": null }, "period": { "label": "古典拉丁语；首见未核", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "language_period", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ] }, "attestation_status": "attested", "meaning": { "gloss": "浪／波动、涌流", "pos": null, "constraints": [] }, "pronunciations": [], "relations": [], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ], "evidence_status": "mediated", "mapping_selection": "not_selected", "selection_note": "名词与派生动词，作为解释来源压缩一行; Chinese Mapping: 溢只比较涌流/溢出操作，不说溢=浪" }, { "stage_id": "AO2", "form": "abundāre", "variants": [], "unit_kind": "lemma", "language": { "name": "Latin", "code": null }, "period": { "label": "古典拉丁语；首见未核", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "language_period", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ] }, "attestation_status": "attested", "meaning": { "gloss": "OVERFLOW；充足、富有", "pos": null, "constraints": [] }, "pronunciations": [], "relations": [ { "from_stage_ref": "AO1", "relation_type": "derivation", "semantic_operation": { "type": "derivation", "description": "ab- + undāre；物理与抽象义均已存在; Chinese Mapping: 溢；丰、满；沛有限", "status": "supported" }, "status": "supported", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ], "evidence_status": "mediated", "mapping_selection": "selected", "selection_note": "ab- + undāre；物理与抽象义均已存在; Chinese Mapping: 溢；丰、满；沛有限" }, { "stage_id": "AO3", "form": "abunder → abounden", "variants": [], "unit_kind": "lemma", "language": { "name": "Anglo-French → Middle English", "code": null }, "period": { "label": "中世纪；英语14世纪起", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "language_period", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ] }, "attestation_status": "attested", "meaning": { "gloss": "涌溢与丰富等义承继", "pos": null, "constraints": [] }, "pronunciations": [], "relations": [ { "from_stage_ref": "AO2", "relation_type": "borrowing", "semantic_operation": { "type": "borrowing", "description": "借入；不是现代英语才首次出现大量义; Chinese Mapping: Not selected", "status": "supported" }, "status": "supported", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ], "evidence_status": "mediated", "mapping_selection": "not_selected", "selection_note": "借入；不是现代英语才首次出现大量义; Chinese Mapping: Not selected" }, { "stage_id": "AO4", "form": "abound", "variants": [], "unit_kind": "lemma", "language": { "name": "Modern English", "code": null }, "period": { "label": "现代", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "language_period", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ] }, "attestation_status": "attested", "meaning": { "gloss": "大量存在；abound in/with 充满/富有", "pos": null, "constraints": [] }, "pronunciations": [ { "pronunciation_id": "PR-AO4", "value": "/əˈbaʊnd/", "notation": "source_notation", "phonological_layer": "Modern English", "period": { "label": "Modern reference; exact documentation date not inferred", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "variety": "Modern English", "system": "Existing entry transcription; see original scoped assessment", "status": "documented", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-09" ] } ], "relations": [ { "from_stage_ref": "AO3", "relation_type": "sense_continuation", "semantic_operation": { "type": "sense_continuation", "description": "现代构式/义项冻结; Chinese Mapping: 丰；满、沛有限；多为控制", "status": "supported" }, "status": "supported", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01" ], "evidence_status": "mediated", "mapping_selection": "selected", "selection_note": "现代构式/义项冻结; Chinese Mapping: 丰；满、沛有限；多为控制" } ], "mappings": [ { "stage_mapping_id": "SM-AO2", "stage_ref": "AO2", "selection_reasons": [ "explanatory_value" ], "freeze": { "version": "0.1", "meaning_note": "OVERFLOW；充足、富有", "excluded_senses": [ "No transfer of a different stage’s meaning or pronunciation" ], "status": "editor_reviewed" }, "search": { "status": "candidates_recorded", "scope": { "lexical_layers": [ "Historical character sense" ], "phonological_layers": [ "Existing documented reference pronunciations only" ], "semantic_seeds": [ "OVERFLOW；充足、富有" ], "consonant_hypotheses": [], "note": "Bounded migration of existing candidate inventory; not a new Discovery Work search." }, "run_refs": [], "stop_reason": "Existing review retained. No forced Chinese winner; unresolved evidence remains Pending." }, "candidates": [ { "candidate_id": "TC2-ABOUND-01", "family_key": "legacy-abound", "target": { "form": "溢", "lexical_layer": "Historical character sense", "language_variety": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "meaning": { "gloss": "液体满而流出；充满、超出", "pos": null, "constraints": [ "有数量多但没有容器溢出的情境" ] }, "pronunciations": [ { "pronunciation_id": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-01", "value": "yì", "notation": "pinyin", "phonological_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "Modern reference; exact documentation date not inferred", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "variety": "Modern Mandarin", "system": "Existing entry transcription; see original scoped assessment", "status": "documented", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-02" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-02" ] }, "comparison": { "source_stage_ref": "AO2", "source_pronunciation_ref": null, "target_pronunciation_ref": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-01", "source_span": "abundāre", "scope": "semantic_only", "hypothesis": { "group": null, "hit": false, "position": "组外", "version": "Protocol v0.2: generation only; no scoring bonus" } }, "role": "candidate", "decision": "shortlisted", "semantic_fit": { "fit": "direct", "confidence": "Medium", "rationale": "强：OVERFLOW；不能替代全部现代大量存在义", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01", "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-02" ] }, "phonetic_fit": { "fit": "not_evaluated", "confidence": "Unknown", "rationale": "Historical pronunciation not frozen; not_evaluated. Modern reference only: 弱：无 /b/，无 /aʊnd/ 音段对应", "features": { "onset": "弱：无 /b/，无 /aʊnd/ 音段对应; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "vowel": "弱：无 /b/，无 /aʊnd/ 音段对应; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "coda_other_consonants": "弱：无 /b/，无 /aʊnd/ 音段对应; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "syllables": "弱：无 /b/，无 /aʊnd/ 音段对应; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "prosody": "弱：无 /b/，无 /aʊnd/ 音段对应; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress." }, "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-02" ] }, "evidence": [ { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "mediated", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-02" ], "locator": null, "note": "Approved concrete online sense; mediated-HDC; print original Pending." }, { "claim_scope": "comparison_inference", "status": "lead", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-02" ], "locator": null, "note": "Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields." }, { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "pending", "source_refs": [], "locator": null, "note": "Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained." } ], "historical_relation": { "status": "Not claimed", "source_refs": [], "review_note": "No independent cross-language historical evidence introduced." }, "confounds": [ "有数量多但没有容器溢出的情境", "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" ], "discovery_priority": "medium", "decision_reason": "有数量多但没有容器溢出的情境; 强：OVERFLOW；不能替代全部现代大量存在义", "review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu", "date": "2026-09-20", "note": "Approved Tier C Batch 2 Editorial Freeze; no new Discovery." } } ], "review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu", "date": "2026-09-20", "note": "Approved Tier C Batch 2 Editorial Freeze; no new Discovery." } }, { "stage_mapping_id": "SM-AO4", "stage_ref": "AO4", "selection_reasons": [ "explanatory_value", "phonetic_form_value" ], "freeze": { "version": "0.1", "meaning_note": "大量存在；abound in/with 充满/富有", "excluded_senses": [ "No transfer of a different stage’s meaning or pronunciation" ], "status": "editor_reviewed" }, "search": { "status": "candidates_recorded", "scope": { "lexical_layers": [ "Historical character sense", "Modern Mandarin" ], "phonological_layers": [ "Existing documented reference pronunciations only" ], "semantic_seeds": [ "大量存在；abound in/with 充满/富有" ], "consonant_hypotheses": [ "b-p-m-f" ], "note": "Bounded migration of existing candidate inventory; not a new Discovery Work search." }, "run_refs": [], "stop_reason": "Existing review retained. No forced Chinese winner; unresolved evidence remains Pending." }, "candidates": [ { "candidate_id": "TC2-ABOUND-02", "family_key": "legacy-abound", "target": { "form": "丰", "lexical_layer": "Historical character sense", "language_variety": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "meaning": { "gloss": "数量丰富、充裕", "pos": null, "constraints": [ "不把简体丰的字形当豐义历史证明；丰富不必是经济繁荣" ] }, "pronunciations": [ { "pronunciation_id": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-02", "value": "fēng", "notation": "pinyin", "phonological_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "Modern reference; exact documentation date not inferred", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "variety": "Modern Mandarin", "system": "Existing entry transcription; see original scoped assessment", "status": "documented", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-03" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-03" ] }, "comparison": { "source_stage_ref": "AO4", "source_pronunciation_ref": "PR-AO4", "target_pronunciation_ref": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-02", "source_span": "abound", "scope": "semantic_only", "hypothesis": { "group": "b-p-m-f", "hit": true, "position": "b-p-m-f 扩展探针：现代词内 /b/→f", "version": "Protocol v0.2: generation only; no scoring bonus" } }, "role": "candidate", "decision": "shortlisted", "semantic_fit": { "fit": "direct", "confidence": "Medium", "rationale": "强：PLENTY；词性/构式须另配，通常非不及物动词", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01", "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-03" ] }, "phonetic_fit": { "fit": "weak", "confidence": "Low", "rationale": "Low / weak, modern reference only: 弱：f=[f]≠/b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，只属候选组", "features": { "onset": "弱：f=[f]≠/b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，只属候选组; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "vowel": "弱：f=[f]≠/b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，只属候选组; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "coda_other_consonants": "弱：f=[f]≠/b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，只属候选组; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "syllables": "弱：f=[f]≠/b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，只属候选组; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "prosody": "弱：f=[f]≠/b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，只属候选组; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress." }, "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-03" ] }, "evidence": [ { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "mediated", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-03" ], "locator": null, "note": "Approved concrete online sense; online-entry; print original Pending." }, { "claim_scope": "comparison_inference", "status": "lead", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-03" ], "locator": null, "note": "Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields." }, { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "pending", "source_refs": [], "locator": null, "note": "Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained." } ], "historical_relation": { "status": "Not claimed", "source_refs": [], "review_note": "No independent cross-language historical evidence introduced." }, "confounds": [ "不把简体丰的字形当豐义历史证明；丰富不必是经济繁荣", "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" ], "discovery_priority": "medium", "decision_reason": "不把简体丰的字形当豐义历史证明；丰富不必是经济繁荣; 强：PLENTY；词性/构式须另配，通常非不及物动词", "review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu", "date": "2026-09-20", "note": "Approved Tier C Batch 2 Editorial Freeze; no new Discovery." } }, { "candidate_id": "TC2-ABOUND-03", "family_key": "legacy-abound", "target": { "form": "满", "lexical_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "language_variety": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "meaning": { "gloss": "充满、达到容量", "pos": null, "constraints": [ "大量分散存在不等于填满容器" ] }, "pronunciations": [ { "pronunciation_id": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-03", "value": "mǎn", "notation": "pinyin", "phonological_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "Modern reference; exact documentation date not inferred", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "variety": "Modern Mandarin", "system": "Existing entry transcription; see original scoped assessment", "status": "documented", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-04" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-04" ] }, "comparison": { "source_stage_ref": "AO4", "source_pronunciation_ref": "PR-AO4", "target_pronunciation_ref": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-03", "source_span": "abound", "scope": "semantic_only", "hypothesis": { "group": "b-p-m-f", "hit": true, "position": "b-p-m-f 扩展探针：现代词内 /b/→m", "version": "Protocol v0.2: generation only; no scoring bonus" } }, "role": "candidate", "decision": "reserved", "semantic_fit": { "fit": "partial", "confidence": "Medium", "rationale": "中：full；容器满与数量多并非处处互换", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01", "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-04" ] }, "phonetic_fit": { "fit": "weak", "confidence": "Low", "rationale": "Low / weak, modern reference only: 弱局部：唇音/鼻音、末 /n/ 有局部特征；/m/≠/b/，无 /d/，元音不同", "features": { "onset": "弱局部：唇音/鼻音、末 /n/ 有局部特征；/m/≠/b/，无 /d/，元音不同; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "vowel": "弱局部：唇音/鼻音、末 /n/ 有局部特征；/m/≠/b/，无 /d/，元音不同; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "coda_other_consonants": "弱局部：唇音/鼻音、末 /n/ 有局部特征；/m/≠/b/，无 /d/，元音不同; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "syllables": "弱局部：唇音/鼻音、末 /n/ 有局部特征；/m/≠/b/，无 /d/，元音不同; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "prosody": "弱局部：唇音/鼻音、末 /n/ 有局部特征；/m/≠/b/，无 /d/，元音不同; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress." }, "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-04" ] }, "evidence": [ { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "mediated", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-04" ], "locator": null, "note": "Approved concrete online sense; online-entry; print original Pending." }, { "claim_scope": "comparison_inference", "status": "lead", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-04" ], "locator": null, "note": "Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields." }, { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "pending", "source_refs": [], "locator": null, "note": "Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained." } ], "historical_relation": { "status": "Not claimed", "source_refs": [], "review_note": "No independent cross-language historical evidence introduced." }, "confounds": [ "大量分散存在不等于填满容器", "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" ], "discovery_priority": "medium", "decision_reason": "大量分散存在不等于填满容器; 中：full；容器满与数量多并非处处互换", "review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu", "date": "2026-09-20", "note": "Approved Tier C Batch 2 Editorial Freeze; no new Discovery." } }, { "candidate_id": "TC2-ABOUND-04", "family_key": "legacy-abound", "target": { "form": "沛", "lexical_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "language_variety": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "meaning": { "gloss": "充盛（如充沛）；水势盛的用法待原条深核", "pos": null, "constraints": [ "复合词充沛的适用范围不能无限扩大；水→抽象路径保持 Pending" ] }, "pronunciations": [ { "pronunciation_id": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-04", "value": "pèi", "notation": "pinyin", "phonological_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "Modern reference; exact documentation date not inferred", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "variety": "Modern Mandarin", "system": "Existing entry transcription; see original scoped assessment", "status": "documented", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-05" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-05" ] }, "comparison": { "source_stage_ref": "AO4", "source_pronunciation_ref": "PR-AO4", "target_pronunciation_ref": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-04", "source_span": "abound", "scope": "semantic_only", "hypothesis": { "group": "b-p-m-f", "hit": true, "position": "b-p-m-f 扩展探针：现代词内 /b/→p", "version": "Protocol v0.2: generation only; no scoring bonus" } }, "role": "candidate", "decision": "reserved", "semantic_fit": { "fit": "partial", "confidence": "Medium", "rationale": "中：充足/盛多；不等于所有 abound 构式", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01", "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-05" ] }, "phonetic_fit": { "fit": "weak", "confidence": "Low", "rationale": "Low / weak, modern reference only: 弱：p=[pʰ] 与 /b/ 送气/清浊不同；/eɪ/≠/aʊ/，无 /nd/", "features": { "onset": "弱：p=[pʰ] 与 /b/ 送气/清浊不同；/eɪ/≠/aʊ/，无 /nd/; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "vowel": "弱：p=[pʰ] 与 /b/ 送气/清浊不同；/eɪ/≠/aʊ/，无 /nd/; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "coda_other_consonants": "弱：p=[pʰ] 与 /b/ 送气/清浊不同；/eɪ/≠/aʊ/，无 /nd/; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "syllables": "弱：p=[pʰ] 与 /b/ 送气/清浊不同；/eɪ/≠/aʊ/，无 /nd/; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "prosody": "弱：p=[pʰ] 与 /b/ 送气/清浊不同；/eɪ/≠/aʊ/，无 /nd/; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress." }, "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-05" ] }, "evidence": [ { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "mediated", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-05" ], "locator": null, "note": "Approved concrete online sense; online-entry; print original Pending." }, { "claim_scope": "comparison_inference", "status": "lead", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-05" ], "locator": null, "note": "Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields." }, { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "pending", "source_refs": [], "locator": null, "note": "Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained." } ], "historical_relation": { "status": "Not claimed", "source_refs": [], "review_note": "No independent cross-language historical evidence introduced." }, "confounds": [ "复合词充沛的适用范围不能无限扩大；水→抽象路径保持 Pending", "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" ], "discovery_priority": "medium", "decision_reason": "复合词充沛的适用范围不能无限扩大；水→抽象路径保持 Pending; 中：充足/盛多；不等于所有 abound 构式", "review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu", "date": "2026-09-20", "note": "Approved Tier C Batch 2 Editorial Freeze; no new Discovery." } }, { "candidate_id": "TC2-ABOUND-05", "family_key": "legacy-abound", "target": { "form": "多", "lexical_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "language_variety": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "meaning": { "gloss": "数量大", "pos": null, "constraints": [ "只表示多，不能独自覆盖 be well supplied with 的构式" ] }, "pronunciations": [ { "pronunciation_id": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-05", "value": "duō", "notation": "pinyin", "phonological_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "Modern reference; exact documentation date not inferred", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "variety": "Modern Mandarin", "system": "Existing entry transcription; see original scoped assessment", "status": "documented", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-06" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-06" ] }, "comparison": { "source_stage_ref": "AO4", "source_pronunciation_ref": "PR-AO4", "target_pronunciation_ref": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-05", "source_span": "abound", "scope": "semantic_only", "hypothesis": { "group": null, "hit": false, "position": "组外", "version": "Protocol v0.2: generation only; no scoring bonus" } }, "role": "meaning_control", "decision": "reserved", "semantic_fit": { "fit": "direct", "confidence": "Medium", "rationale": "强：大量存在的语义控制", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01", "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-06" ] }, "phonetic_fit": { "fit": "weak", "confidence": "Low", "rationale": "Low / weak, modern reference only: 弱：声母元音及韵尾不合", "features": { "onset": "弱：声母元音及韵尾不合; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "vowel": "弱：声母元音及韵尾不合; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "coda_other_consonants": "弱：声母元音及韵尾不合; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "syllables": "弱：声母元音及韵尾不合; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "prosody": "弱：声母元音及韵尾不合; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress." }, "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-06" ] }, "evidence": [ { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "mediated", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-06" ], "locator": null, "note": "Approved concrete online sense; online-entry; print original Pending." }, { "claim_scope": "comparison_inference", "status": "lead", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-06" ], "locator": null, "note": "Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields." }, { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "pending", "source_refs": [], "locator": null, "note": "Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained." } ], "historical_relation": { "status": "Not claimed", "source_refs": [], "review_note": "No independent cross-language historical evidence introduced." }, "confounds": [ "只表示多，不能独自覆盖 be well supplied with 的构式", "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" ], "discovery_priority": "none", "decision_reason": "只表示多，不能独自覆盖 be well supplied with 的构式; 强：大量存在的语义控制", "review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu", "date": "2026-09-20", "note": "Approved Tier C Batch 2 Editorial Freeze; no new Discovery." } }, { "candidate_id": "TC2-ABOUND-06", "family_key": "legacy-abound", "target": { "form": "蹦", "lexical_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "language_variety": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "meaning": { "gloss": "跳跃", "pos": null, "constraints": [ "经济跳起不是 Latin overflow 证据；可存文学观察，不作映射依据" ] }, "pronunciations": [ { "pronunciation_id": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-06", "value": "bèng", "notation": "pinyin", "phonological_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "Modern reference; exact documentation date not inferred", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "variety": "Modern Mandarin", "system": "Existing entry transcription; see original scoped assessment", "status": "documented", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-07" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-07" ] }, "comparison": { "source_stage_ref": "AO4", "source_pronunciation_ref": "PR-AO4", "target_pronunciation_ref": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-06", "source_span": "abound", "scope": "semantic_only", "hypothesis": { "group": null, "hit": false, "position": "b baseline", "version": "Protocol v0.2: generation only; no scoring bonus" } }, "role": "sound_control", "decision": "rejected", "semantic_fit": { "fit": "mismatch", "confidence": "Medium", "rationale": "不匹配：繁荣只是旧作者联想", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01", "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-07" ] }, "phonetic_fit": { "fit": "weak", "confidence": "Low", "rationale": "Low / weak, modern reference only: 局部弱：b=[p] 对 /b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，声调非英语重音", "features": { "onset": "局部弱：b=[p] 对 /b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，声调非英语重音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "vowel": "局部弱：b=[p] 对 /b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，声调非英语重音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "coda_other_consonants": "局部弱：b=[p] 对 /b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，声调非英语重音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "syllables": "局部弱：b=[p] 对 /b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，声调非英语重音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "prosody": "局部弱：b=[p] 对 /b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，声调非英语重音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress." }, "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-07" ] }, "evidence": [ { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "mediated", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-07" ], "locator": null, "note": "Approved concrete online sense; online-entry; print original Pending." }, { "claim_scope": "comparison_inference", "status": "lead", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-07" ], "locator": null, "note": "Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields." }, { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "pending", "source_refs": [], "locator": null, "note": "Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained." } ], "historical_relation": { "status": "Not claimed", "source_refs": [], "review_note": "No independent cross-language historical evidence introduced." }, "confounds": [ "经济跳起不是 Latin overflow 证据；可存文学观察，不作映射依据", "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" ], "discovery_priority": "none", "decision_reason": "经济跳起不是 Latin overflow 证据；可存文学观察，不作映射依据; 不匹配：繁荣只是旧作者联想", "review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu", "date": "2026-09-20", "note": "Approved Tier C Batch 2 Editorial Freeze; no new Discovery." } }, { "candidate_id": "TC2-ABOUND-07", "family_key": "legacy-abound", "target": { "form": "邦", "lexical_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "language_variety": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "meaning": { "gloss": "国家、邦国", "pos": null, "constraints": [ "组内音近义远控制；无历史语义桥" ] }, "pronunciations": [ { "pronunciation_id": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-07", "value": "bāng", "notation": "pinyin", "phonological_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "period": { "label": "Modern reference; exact documentation date not inferred", "start_year": null, "end_year": null, "basis": "modern_reference", "source_refs": [] }, "variety": "Modern Mandarin", "system": "Existing entry transcription; see original scoped assessment", "status": "documented", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-08" ] } ], "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-08" ] }, "comparison": { "source_stage_ref": "AO4", "source_pronunciation_ref": "PR-AO4", "target_pronunciation_ref": "ZH-TC2-ABOUND-07", "source_span": "abound", "scope": "semantic_only", "hypothesis": { "group": null, "hit": false, "position": "b baseline", "version": "Protocol v0.2: generation only; no scoring bonus" } }, "role": "sound_control", "decision": "reserved", "semantic_fit": { "fit": "mismatch", "confidence": "Medium", "rationale": "无关", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-01", "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-08" ] }, "phonetic_fit": { "fit": "weak", "confidence": "Low", "rationale": "Low / weak, modern reference only: 局部唇塞音和低元音不足；/ɑŋ/≠/aʊnd/", "features": { "onset": "局部唇塞音和低元音不足；/ɑŋ/≠/aʊnd/; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "vowel": "局部唇塞音和低元音不足；/ɑŋ/≠/aʊnd/; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "coda_other_consonants": "局部唇塞音和低元音不足；/ɑŋ/≠/aʊnd/; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "syllables": "局部唇塞音和低元音不足；/ɑŋ/≠/aʊnd/; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.", "prosody": "局部唇塞音和低元音不足；/ɑŋ/≠/aʊnd/; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress." }, "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-08" ] }, "evidence": [ { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "mediated", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-08" ], "locator": null, "note": "Approved concrete online sense; online-entry; print original Pending." }, { "claim_scope": "comparison_inference", "status": "lead", "source_refs": [ "TC2-ABOUND-SRC-08" ], "locator": null, "note": "Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields." }, { "claim_scope": "chinese_sense", "status": "pending", "source_refs": [], "locator": null, "note": "Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained." } ], "historical_relation": { "status": "Not claimed", "source_refs": [], "review_note": "No independent cross-language historical evidence introduced." }, "confounds": [ "组内音近义远控制；无历史语义桥", "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" ], "discovery_priority": "none", "decision_reason": "组内音近义远控制；无历史语义桥; 无关", "review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu", "date": "2026-09-20", "note": "Approved Tier C Batch 2 Editorial Freeze; no new Discovery." } } ], "review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu", "date": "2026-09-20", "note": "Approved Tier C Batch 2 Editorial Freeze; no new Discovery." } } ], "display_selection": { "featured_candidate_ref": null, "stage_cards": [ { "stage_mapping_ref": "SM-AO2", "candidate_ref": "TC2-ABOUND-01" }, { "stage_mapping_ref": "SM-AO4", "candidate_ref": "TC2-ABOUND-02" } ], "review_status": "approved", "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu", "reason": "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" }, "historical_path": "unda / undāre [AO1]; abundāre [AO2]; abunder → abounden [AO3]; abound [AO4]", "semantic_path": "Related meaning nodes, not mechanically chronological: 浪／波动、涌流; OVERFLOW；充足、富有; 涌溢与丰富等义承继; 大量存在；abound in/with 充满/富有", "boundary": { "en": "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。", "zh-Hans": "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。" } }, "featured_mapping_status": "Pending", "publication_status": "Published", "research_candidate_discovery": { "run_id": "tier-c-discovery-batch-2-2026-09-20", "candidates": [ { "id": "ABOUND-01", "entry": "ABOUND", "chinese_form": "溢", "reading": "yì", "chinese_layer": "Historical character sense + modern reading", "approximate_period": "古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话", "target_source_stage": "AO1/AO2", "documented_meaning": "液体满而流出；充满、超出", "semantic_fit": "强：OVERFLOW；不能替代全部现代大量存在义", "phonetic_fit": "弱：无 /b/，无 /aʊnd/ 音段对应", "lexicographic_evidence": { "status": "mediated-HDC", "url": "https://www.shidianguji.com/character/溢", "locator": "汉语大词典义项摘要", "paper_original": "Pending" }, "consonant_group_relation": "组外", "counterevidence": "有数量多但没有容器溢出的情境", "historical_relation": "Not claimed", "decision": "retain", "discovery_priority": 1, "role": "candidate", "expansion_probe": false, "confidence": { "meaning": "moderate: 在线条目支持；原条/最早书证未核", "phonetic": "limited: 仅声明的现代音层", "cross_language_history": "not claimed" }, "historical_phonetics": "not_evaluated" }, { "id": "ABOUND-02", "entry": "ABOUND", "chinese_form": "丰／豐", "reading": "fēng", "chinese_layer": "Historical character sense + modern reading", "approximate_period": "古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话", "target_source_stage": "AO2/AO4", "documented_meaning": "数量丰富、充裕", "semantic_fit": "强：PLENTY；词性/构式须另配，通常非不及物动词", "phonetic_fit": "弱：f=[f]≠/b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，只属候选组", "lexicographic_evidence": { "status": "online-entry", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/丰", "locator": "基本解释／详细解释；不用國語辭典段充当大陆辞书", "paper_original": "Pending" }, "consonant_group_relation": "b-p-m-f 扩展探针：现代词内 /b/→f", "counterevidence": "不把简体丰的字形当豐义历史证明；丰富不必是经济繁荣", "historical_relation": "Not claimed", "decision": "retain", "discovery_priority": 1, "role": "candidate", "expansion_probe": true, "confidence": { "meaning": "moderate: 在线条目支持；原条/最早书证未核", "phonetic": "limited: 仅声明的现代音层", "cross_language_history": "not claimed" }, "historical_phonetics": "not_evaluated" }, { "id": "ABOUND-03", "entry": "ABOUND", "chinese_form": "满／滿", "reading": "mǎn", "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "approximate_period": "现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音", "target_source_stage": "AO2/AO4", "documented_meaning": "充满、达到容量", "semantic_fit": "中：full；容器满与数量多并非处处互换", "phonetic_fit": "弱局部：唇音/鼻音、末 /n/ 有局部特征；/m/≠/b/，无 /d/，元音不同", "lexicographic_evidence": { "status": "online-entry", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/满", "locator": "基本解释／详细解释；不用國語辭典段充当大陆辞书", "paper_original": "Pending" }, "consonant_group_relation": "b-p-m-f 扩展探针：现代词内 /b/→m", "counterevidence": "大量分散存在不等于填满容器", "historical_relation": "Not claimed", "decision": "retain-limited", "discovery_priority": 2, "role": "candidate", "expansion_probe": true, "confidence": { "meaning": "moderate: 在线条目支持；原条/最早书证未核", "phonetic": "limited: 仅声明的现代音层", "cross_language_history": "not claimed" }, "historical_phonetics": "not_evaluated" }, { "id": "ABOUND-04", "entry": "ABOUND", "chinese_form": "沛", "reading": "pèi", "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "approximate_period": "现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音", "target_source_stage": "AO2/AO4", "documented_meaning": "充盛（如充沛）；水势盛的用法待原条深核", "semantic_fit": "中：充足/盛多；不等于所有 abound 构式", "phonetic_fit": "弱：p=[pʰ] 与 /b/ 送气/清浊不同；/eɪ/≠/aʊ/，无 /nd/", "lexicographic_evidence": { "status": "online-entry", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/沛", "locator": "基本解释／详细解释；不用國語辭典段充当大陆辞书", "paper_original": "Pending" }, "consonant_group_relation": "b-p-m-f 扩展探针：现代词内 /b/→p", "counterevidence": "复合词充沛的适用范围不能无限扩大；水→抽象路径保持 Pending", "historical_relation": "Not claimed", "decision": "retain-limited", "discovery_priority": 2, "role": "candidate", "expansion_probe": true, "confidence": { "meaning": "moderate: 在线条目支持；原条/最早书证未核", "phonetic": "limited: 仅声明的现代音层", "cross_language_history": "not claimed" }, "historical_phonetics": "not_evaluated" }, { "id": "ABOUND-05", "entry": "ABOUND", "chinese_form": "多", "reading": "duō", "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "approximate_period": "现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音", "target_source_stage": "AO4", "documented_meaning": "数量大", "semantic_fit": "强：大量存在的语义控制", "phonetic_fit": "弱：声母元音及韵尾不合", "lexicographic_evidence": { "status": "online-entry", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/多", "locator": "基本解释／详细解释；不用國語辭典段充当大陆辞书", "paper_original": "Pending" }, "consonant_group_relation": "组外", "counterevidence": "只表示多，不能独自覆盖 be well supplied with 的构式", "historical_relation": "Not claimed", "decision": "control", "discovery_priority": 0, "role": "semantic-control", "expansion_probe": false, "confidence": { "meaning": "moderate: 在线条目支持；原条/最早书证未核", "phonetic": "limited: 仅声明的现代音层", "cross_language_history": "not claimed" }, "historical_phonetics": "not_evaluated" }, { "id": "ABOUND-06", "entry": "ABOUND", "chinese_form": "蹦", "reading": "bèng", "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "approximate_period": "现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音", "target_source_stage": "AO4", "documented_meaning": "跳跃", "semantic_fit": "不匹配：繁荣只是旧作者联想", "phonetic_fit": "局部弱：b=[p] 对 /b/；/əŋ/≠/aʊnd/，声调非英语重音", "lexicographic_evidence": { "status": "online-entry", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/蹦", "locator": "基本解释／详细解释；不用國語辭典段充当大陆辞书", "paper_original": "Pending" }, "consonant_group_relation": "b baseline", "counterevidence": "经济跳起不是 Latin overflow 证据；可存文学观察，不作映射依据", "historical_relation": "Not claimed", "decision": "reject", "discovery_priority": 0, "role": "legacy-negative-control", "expansion_probe": false, "confidence": { "meaning": "moderate: 在线条目支持；原条/最早书证未核", "phonetic": "limited: 仅声明的现代音层", "cross_language_history": "not claimed" }, "historical_phonetics": "not_evaluated" }, { "id": "ABOUND-07", "entry": "ABOUND", "chinese_form": "邦", "reading": "bāng", "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin", "approximate_period": "现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音", "target_source_stage": "AO4", "documented_meaning": "国家、邦国", "semantic_fit": "无关", "phonetic_fit": "局部唇塞音和低元音不足；/ɑŋ/≠/aʊnd/", "lexicographic_evidence": { "status": "online-entry", "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/邦", "locator": "基本解释／详细解释；不用國語辭典段充当大陆辞书", "paper_original": "Pending" }, "consonant_group_relation": "b baseline", "counterevidence": "组内音近义远控制；无历史语义桥", "historical_relation": "Not claimed", "decision": "control", "discovery_priority": 0, "role": "sound-control", "expansion_probe": false, "confidence": { "meaning": "moderate: 在线条目支持；原条/最早书证未核", "phonetic": "limited: 仅声明的现代音层", "cross_language_history": "not claimed" }, "historical_phonetics": "not_evaluated" } ], "freeze": "Featured Mapping: Pending。溢 yì对应abundāre的overflow义，丰 fēng对应abundance/plenty及现代大量义。满 mǎn仅留适用构式Research；溢→丰不是中文历史派生链，蹦不是词源依据。", "note": "Original 28-row Discovery preserved; active roles in mappings reflect approved Editorial Freeze. No new candidates." }, "legacy_migration": { "version": "tier-c-batch2-0.1", "baseline_commit": "e6109656fc350375a9719941f720294afb1db2b2", "scope": "Exact original record archive; superseded claims remain Research, not current Featured evidence.", "previous_fields": { "title": { "en": "abound · Legacy Website Import", "zh-Hans": "abound · 旧站导入" }, "primary_mapping": { "mapping_id": "MAP-abound-primary", "source": { "language": "English", "word": "abound", "pronunciation": "not recorded" }, "target": { "language": "Chinese", "word": "大量存在／繁盛", "pronunciation": "dàliàng cúnzài / fánshèng" }, "gloss": { "en": "to be present in large numbers or amounts; to be rich or well supplied", "zh-Hans": "大量存在、充满或富有" }, "meaning": { "en": "to be present in large numbers or amounts; to be rich or well supplied. The standard mapping is independent from the legacy sound hypothesis.", "zh-Hans": "大量存在、充满或富有。标准词义 Mapping 与旧站声音假说独立。" }, "mapping_type": "Standard lexical/semantic mapping with separately graded legacy hypothesis", "rationale": { "en": "Ordinary meaning is primary; word history, sound comparison, cognition and speculation are evaluated on separate tracks.", "zh-Hans": "普通词义为主；词史、声音比较、认知与推测分轨评价。" } }, "references": [ { "reference_id": "REF-LANGUAGESBOOK-ABOUND", "title": "languagesbook.com legacy entry: abound，繁荣。蹦 beng。经济蹦起即繁荣", "type": "legacy author publication", "url": "https://languagesbook.com/glossary/a-bound%ef%bc%8c%e6%a3%92%ef%bc%9b%e7%b9%81%e8%8d%a3%e3%80%82/", "path": null, "provenance": "author-published legacy website; imported 2026-09-01; original observation preserved independently from evaluation" }, { "reference_id": "REF-MW-ABOUND", "title": "Merriam-Webster Dictionary: abound", "type": "dictionary", "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/abound", "path": null, "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01" } ], "editorial_notes": [ { "en": "Legacy Batch 001 disposition: Reviewed; priority 88.8/100 is editorial triage only.", "zh-Hans": "旧站 Batch 001 归类：Reviewed；优先分 88.8/100 仅用于编辑分流。" }, { "en": "The standard meaning is abundance, not specifically economic prosperity; 蹦 is literary/cognitive.", "zh-Hans": "标准义是大量存在，并不限于经济繁荣；“蹦”属于文学／认知联想。" } ], "search_terms": [ "abound", "abundance", "abundant", "繁荣", "繁盛", "大量", "充满", "蹦", "beng", "overflow" ], "page": null }, "previously_absent_fields": [ "standard_translation", "modern_standard_semantic_mapping", "diachronic_semantic_mapping", "featured_mapping_status", "publication_status", "research_candidate_discovery" ] } }