{
  "id": "LB-en-man-001",
  "slug": "human",
  "title": {
    "en": "Man · Human",
    "zh-Hans": "Man · 人 · 男"
  },
  "languages": [
    {
      "role": "source",
      "code": "en",
      "name": "English",
      "word": "man",
      "pronunciation": "/mæn/"
    },
    {
      "role": "target",
      "code": "zh-Hans",
      "name": "Chinese",
      "word": "男",
      "pronunciation": "nán"
    }
  ],
  "primary_mapping": {
    "mapping_id": "MAP-man-primary-nan",
    "source": {
      "language": "English",
      "word": "man",
      "pronunciation": "/mæn/"
    },
    "target": {
      "language": "Chinese",
      "word": "男",
      "pronunciation": "nán"
    },
    "gloss": {
      "en": "Adult male human; generic person/human uses remain context-dependent and separate from 男.",
      "zh-Hans": "成年男性；人／人类义按语境另记，不混入男的全部义项。"
    },
    "meaning": {
      "en": "Adult male human; generic person/human uses remain context-dependent and separate from 男.",
      "zh-Hans": "成年男性；人／人类义按语境另记，不混入男的全部义项。"
    },
    "mapping_type": "Cross-language semantic candidate",
    "rationale": {
      "en": "The author compares the M–N consonant relation in man and 男.",
      "zh-Hans": "作者比较 man 与“男”中的 M–N 辅音关系。"
    }
  },
  "entry_status": "Published",
  "mapping_status": "Candidate",
  "mapping_level": "B",
  "historical_relation_status": "Not claimed",
  "evidence": {
    "Historical": {
      "status": "Not evaluated",
      "confidence": "Unknown",
      "summary": {
        "en": "Historical word histories are evaluated independently from the cross-language mapping.",
        "zh-Hans": "各语言的历史词源独立于跨语言 mapping 评估。"
      },
      "items": [],
      "source_refs": []
    },
    "Phonetic-Semantic": {
      "status": "Candidate",
      "confidence": "Low",
      "summary": {
        "en": "The M–N relation in man /mæn/ and 男 nán is an author-proposed consonantal comparison.",
        "zh-Hans": "man /mæn/ 与 男 nán 的 M–N 关系是作者提出的辅音比较。"
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "evidence_id": "RAT-man-mn",
          "claim": {
            "en": "The author compares the M–N consonant relation in man and 男.",
            "zh-Hans": "作者比较 man 与“男”中的 M–N 辅音关系。"
          },
          "status": "Not evaluated",
          "confidence": "Unknown",
          "source_refs": [
            "SRC-LB-MAN"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source_refs": [
        "SRC-LB-MAN"
      ]
    },
    "Cognitive": {
      "status": "Interpretive",
      "confidence": "Medium",
      "summary": {
        "en": "Recorded semantic structure: HUMAN → PERSON → MALE.",
        "zh-Hans": "已记录语义结构：HUMAN → PERSON → MALE。"
      },
      "items": [],
      "source_refs": []
    },
    "Speculative": {
      "status": "Candidate",
      "confidence": "Low",
      "summary": {
        "en": "Author hypotheses remain independently graded and testable; they are not historical proof.",
        "zh-Hans": "作者假说保持独立分级与可检验性，不作为历史证明。"
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "evidence_id": "UNI-SOUND-MN-001",
          "claim": {
            "en": "M–N correspondence hypothesis",
            "zh-Hans": "M–N 对应假说"
          },
          "status": "Untested",
          "confidence": "low",
          "source_refs": [
            "SRC-LB-MAN",
            "SRC-HYPOTHESIS-LAB"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source_refs": [
        "SRC-LB-MAN",
        "SRC-HYPOTHESIS-LAB"
      ]
    }
  },
  "phonetic_observation": [
    {
      "observation_id": "PHON-man-001",
      "claim": {
        "en": "The M–N relation in man /mæn/ and 男 nán is an author-proposed consonantal comparison.",
        "zh-Hans": "man /mæn/ 与 男 nán 的 M–N 关系是作者提出的辅音比较。"
      },
      "status": "Candidate",
      "limitations": {
        "en": "Modern-form resemblance is not a regular sound correspondence or proof of cognacy.",
        "zh-Hans": "现代词形近似不是规律音变，也不证明同源。"
      }
    }
  ],
  "semantic_structure": {
    "concepts": [
      "HUMAN",
      "PERSON",
      "MALE"
    ],
    "relation": "HUMAN → PERSON → MALE",
    "status": "Interpretive"
  },
  "hypotheses": [
    {
      "hypothesis_id": "UNI-SOUND-MN-001",
      "type": "sound-semantic",
      "claim": {
        "en": "M–N correspondence hypothesis",
        "zh-Hans": "M–N 对应假说"
      },
      "status": "Untested",
      "confidence": "low",
      "supporting_cases": [
        "SRC-LB-MAN",
        "SRC-HYPOTHESIS-LAB"
      ],
      "counterexamples": [],
      "testability": {
        "en": "See the linked record for testability limits.",
        "zh-Hans": "可检验性边界见关联记录。"
      },
      "experiment_link": null,
      "source_refs": [
        "SRC-LB-MAN",
        "SRC-HYPOTHESIS-LAB"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "experiments": [],
  "literary_layer": {
    "status": "Not present",
    "is_historical_evidence": false,
    "proposition": null,
    "essay_prose": [],
    "poem_lyrics": [],
    "translations": [],
    "archival_manuscript_media": [],
    "evidence_boundary": {
      "en": "Literature may explore freely, but it is not historical evidence.",
      "zh-Hans": "文学可以自由展开，但不属于历史证据。"
    }
  },
  "media": [],
  "references": [
    {
      "reference_id": "SRC-LB-MAN",
      "title": "Language Book · Man",
      "type": "language-book-page",
      "url": null,
      "path": "words/man.html",
      "provenance": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "SRC-HYPOTHESIS-LAB",
      "title": "Unilanguage Hypothesis Lab",
      "type": "project-documentation",
      "url": null,
      "path": "hypothesis-lab.html",
      "provenance": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "B2-M-MW",
      "title": "Merriam-Webster: man",
      "type": "dictionary / research",
      "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/man",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Specific source reviewed in approved Batch 2 Freeze; platform mediation and print-edition Pending retained"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "B2-M-AHD",
      "title": "American Heritage: IE man-1",
      "type": "dictionary / research",
      "url": "https://ahdictionary.com/word/indoeurop.html",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Specific source reviewed in approved Batch 2 Freeze; platform mediation and print-edition Pending retained"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "B2-M-NAN",
      "title": "汉典：男",
      "type": "dictionary / research",
      "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/男",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Specific source reviewed in approved Batch 2 Freeze; platform mediation and print-edition Pending retained"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "B2-M-BS",
      "title": "Baxter–Sagart 2014 author reconstruction table",
      "type": "dictionary / research",
      "url": "https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/ocbaxtersagart/wp-content/uploads/sites/1415/2025/03/BaxterSagartOCbyMandarinMC2014-09-20.pdf",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Specific source reviewed in approved Batch 2 Freeze; platform mediation and print-edition Pending retained"
    }
  ],
  "author": "Jinkai Liu",
  "version": "0.2 / dataset 0.1.0 / G.1 migration",
  "dates": {
    "created": null,
    "modified": "2026-09-02",
    "published": null
  },
  "editorial_notes": [
    {
      "en": "The record preserves the existing man/human calibration case without asserting historical cognacy.",
      "zh-Hans": "本记录保留既有 man/human 校准案例，不主张历史同源。"
    }
  ],
  "search_terms": [
    "man",
    "male",
    "human",
    "person",
    "男",
    "男人",
    "男子",
    "氓",
    "nán",
    "HUMAN",
    "PERSON",
    "MALE"
  ],
  "page": "words/man.html",
  "legacy": {
    "entry_id": "LB-en-man-001",
    "source_word": "man",
    "language": "English",
    "normalized_form": "man",
    "pronunciation": "/mæn/",
    "phonetic_form": "mæn",
    "lexical_meaning": {
      "en": "An adult male human; historically, also a person or human being in some uses.",
      "zh-Hans": "成年男性；部分历史用法中也可泛指人。"
    },
    "aliases": [
      "male",
      "human",
      "person",
      "男",
      "男人",
      "男子",
      "氓"
    ],
    "classification_status": "published",
    "primary_chinese_mapping": {
      "mapping_id": "MAP-man-primary-nan",
      "chinese_form": "男",
      "pinyin": "nán",
      "role": "primary",
      "mapping_basis": "author-proposal",
      "status": "published",
      "identity": "author-idea",
      "source_verification": {
        "status": "needs-verification",
        "source_refs": [
          "SRC-LB-MAN"
        ],
        "notes": {
          "en": "Previously published project mapping retained with its hypothesis identity.",
          "zh-Hans": "保留此前发布的项目映射及其假说身份。"
        }
      },
      "ai_review": {
        "status": "not-reviewed",
        "reviewer": null,
        "reviewed_at": null,
        "rationale": {
          "en": "No G.1 object-level AI review has been completed.",
          "zh-Hans": "尚未完成 G.1 对象级 AI 审核。"
        }
      }
    },
    "secondary_chinese_mappings": [],
    "mapping_rationales": [
      {
        "rationale_id": "RAT-man-mn",
        "mapping_ref": "MAP-man-primary-nan",
        "identity": "author-idea",
        "status": "candidate",
        "statement": {
          "en": "The author compares the M–N consonant relation in man and 男.",
          "zh-Hans": "作者比较 man 与“男”中的 M–N 辅音关系。"
        },
        "source_verification": {
          "status": "not-applicable",
          "source_refs": [
            "SRC-LB-MAN"
          ],
          "notes": {
            "en": "This preserves the author's reason for proposing the mapping; it is not an established fact.",
            "zh-Hans": "此对象保存作者提出映射的理由，不是既成事实。"
          }
        },
        "ai_review": {
          "status": "not-reviewed",
          "reviewer": null,
          "reviewed_at": null,
          "rationale": {
            "en": "No G.1 object-level AI review has been completed.",
            "zh-Hans": "尚未完成 G.1 对象级 AI 审核。"
          }
        }
      }
    ],
    "historical_etymologies": [],
    "sound_symbol_hypothesis_refs": [
      "UNI-SOUND-MN-001"
    ],
    "other_author_notes": [],
    "experimental_validation_refs": [],
    "source_provenance": [
      "SRC-LB-MAN",
      "SRC-HYPOTHESIS-LAB"
    ],
    "author": "Jinkai Liu｜劉金凱",
    "version": "0.2 / dataset 0.1.0 / G.1 migration"
  },
  "source_audit_pending": [
    {
      "title": "现代汉语词典",
      "status": "pending",
      "claims": [
        "specific Chinese reading and sense / historical attestation"
      ],
      "reason": "Specific edition and entry not obtained; no page asserted."
    },
    {
      "title": "新华字典",
      "status": "pending",
      "claims": [
        "specific Chinese reading and sense / historical attestation"
      ],
      "reason": "Specific edition and entry not obtained; no page asserted."
    },
    {
      "title": "汉语大词典",
      "status": "pending",
      "claims": [
        "specific Chinese reading and sense / historical attestation"
      ],
      "reason": "Specific edition and entry not obtained; no page asserted."
    },
    {
      "title": "汉语大字典",
      "status": "pending",
      "claims": [
        "specific Chinese reading and sense / historical attestation"
      ],
      "reason": "Specific edition and entry not obtained; no page asserted."
    },
    {
      "title": "辞源",
      "status": "pending",
      "claims": [
        "specific Chinese reading and sense / historical attestation"
      ],
      "reason": "Specific edition and entry not obtained; no page asserted."
    }
  ],
  "chinese_historical_research": {
    "form": "男",
    "modern": "nán",
    "middle_chinese": "Baxter transcription nom (not IPA); 泥母 覃韵 平声 那含切",
    "old_chinese": "Baxter–Sagart 2014 *nˤ[ə]m",
    "source_refs": [
      "B2-M-NAN",
      "B2-M-BS"
    ],
    "mainland_print_status": "Pending",
    "boundary": "Historical reconstructions are not recordings; no nasal-reversal argument for cognacy."
  },
  "source_historical_research": {
    "chain": "AHD IE man-/mon-, extended *manu-/*manw-; Germanic *manna- → Old English man(n) → Middle/Modern English man",
    "source_refs": [
      "B2-M-AHD",
      "B2-M-MW"
    ],
    "boundary": "Named reconstruction system. Sanskrit manu is a related branch, not an English ancestor. Chinese history separately recorded."
  },
  "standard_translation": {
    "source": "man",
    "target": "男",
    "status": "Supported",
    "is_featured_mapping": false,
    "source_refs": [
      "B2-M-MW"
    ]
  },
  "modern_standard_semantic_mapping": {
    "mapping_id": "MAP-man-primary-nan",
    "source": {
      "language": "English",
      "word": "man",
      "pronunciation": "/mæn/"
    },
    "target": {
      "language": "Chinese",
      "word": "男",
      "pronunciation": "nán"
    },
    "gloss": {
      "en": "Adult male human; generic person/human uses remain context-dependent and separate from 男.",
      "zh-Hans": "成年男性；人／人类义按语境另记，不混入男的全部义项。"
    },
    "meaning": {
      "en": "Adult male human; generic person/human uses remain context-dependent and separate from 男.",
      "zh-Hans": "成年男性；人／人类义按语境另记，不混入男的全部义项。"
    },
    "mapping_type": "Cross-language semantic candidate",
    "rationale": {
      "en": "The author compares the M–N consonant relation in man and 男.",
      "zh-Hans": "作者比较 man 与“男”中的 M–N 辅音关系。"
    }
  },
  "diachronic_semantic_mapping": {
    "model_version": "0.1",
    "historical_stages": [
      {
        "stage_id": "OLD-ENGLISH",
        "form": "man / mon / mann",
        "variants": [],
        "unit_kind": "lemma",
        "language": {
          "name": "Old English",
          "code": null
        },
        "period": {
          "label": "Old English, approximately 450–1150; sense-specific first attestations Pending",
          "start_year": null,
          "end_year": null,
          "basis": "language_period",
          "source_refs": [
            "B2-M-MW"
          ]
        },
        "attestation_status": "attested",
        "meaning": {
          "gloss": "human being / male human",
          "pos": null,
          "constraints": []
        },
        "pronunciations": [],
        "relations": [],
        "source_refs": [
          "B2-M-MW"
        ],
        "evidence_status": "mediated",
        "mapping_selection": "not_selected",
        "selection_note": "Retained to explain semantic development; no Chinese search selected."
      },
      {
        "stage_id": "MODERN",
        "form": "man",
        "variants": [],
        "unit_kind": "lemma",
        "language": {
          "name": "Modern English",
          "code": null
        },
        "period": {
          "label": "Modern English; exact dates Pending",
          "start_year": null,
          "end_year": null,
          "basis": "language_period",
          "source_refs": [
            "B2-M-MW"
          ]
        },
        "attestation_status": "attested",
        "meaning": {
          "gloss": "adult male human; generic human uses recorded separately",
          "pos": null,
          "constraints": []
        },
        "pronunciations": [
          {
            "pronunciation_id": "PR-MAN",
            "value": "/mæn/",
            "notation": "source_notation",
            "phonological_layer": "Modern English",
            "period": {
              "label": "Modern reference; exact documentation date not inferred",
              "start_year": null,
              "end_year": null,
              "basis": "modern_reference",
              "source_refs": []
            },
            "variety": "Modern English",
            "system": "Existing entry transcription; see original scoped assessment",
            "status": "documented",
            "source_refs": [
              "B2-M-MW"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "relations": [
          {
            "from_stage_ref": "OLD-ENGLISH",
            "relation_type": "sense_continuation",
            "semantic_operation": {
              "type": "sense_continuation",
              "description": "Inherited via Middle English. Male and generic-person senses overlap historically; not a simple replacement.",
              "status": "supported"
            },
            "status": "supported",
            "source_refs": [
              "B2-M-MW"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "source_refs": [
          "B2-M-MW"
        ],
        "evidence_status": "mediated",
        "mapping_selection": "selected",
        "selection_note": "Existing comparison has research value; no new candidate search."
      }
    ],
    "mappings": [
      {
        "stage_mapping_id": "SM-MODERN",
        "stage_ref": "MODERN",
        "selection_reasons": [
          "explanatory_value",
          "phonetic_form_value"
        ],
        "freeze": {
          "version": "0.1",
          "meaning_note": "adult male human; generic human uses recorded separately",
          "excluded_senses": [
            "No transfer of a different stage’s meaning or pronunciation"
          ],
          "status": "editor_reviewed"
        },
        "search": {
          "status": "candidates_recorded",
          "scope": {
            "lexical_layers": [
              "Modern Mandarin"
            ],
            "phonological_layers": [
              "Existing documented reference pronunciations only"
            ],
            "semantic_seeds": [
              "adult male human; generic human uses recorded separately"
            ],
            "consonant_hypotheses": [
              "UNI-SOUND-MN-001"
            ],
            "note": "Bounded migration of existing candidate inventory; not a new Discovery Work search."
          },
          "run_refs": [],
          "stop_reason": "Existing review retained. No forced Chinese winner; unresolved evidence remains Pending."
        },
        "candidates": [
          {
            "candidate_id": "B2-M-NAN",
            "family_key": "legacy-human",
            "target": {
              "form": "男",
              "lexical_layer": "Modern Mandarin",
              "language_variety": "Modern Mandarin",
              "period": {
                "label": "Modern Mandarin reference; historical attestations remain in Research",
                "start_year": null,
                "end_year": null,
                "basis": "modern_reference",
                "source_refs": []
              },
              "meaning": {
                "gloss": "男性／男子",
                "pos": null,
                "constraints": []
              },
              "pronunciations": [
                {
                  "pronunciation_id": "ZH-B2-M-NAN",
                  "value": "nán [nan˧˥]",
                  "notation": "source_notation",
                  "phonological_layer": "Modern Mandarin",
                  "period": {
                    "label": "Modern reference; exact documentation date not inferred",
                    "start_year": null,
                    "end_year": null,
                    "basis": "modern_reference",
                    "source_refs": []
                  },
                  "variety": "Modern Mandarin",
                  "system": "Existing entry transcription; see original scoped assessment",
                  "status": "documented",
                  "source_refs": [
                    "B2-M-NAN"
                  ]
                }
              ],
              "source_refs": [
                "B2-M-NAN"
              ]
            },
            "comparison": {
              "source_stage_ref": "MODERN",
              "source_pronunciation_ref": "PR-MAN",
              "target_pronunciation_ref": "ZH-B2-M-NAN",
              "source_span": "man",
              "scope": "whole_form",
              "hypothesis": {
                "group": "UNI-SOUND-MN-001",
                "hit": false,
                "position": "Independent M–N hypothesis; not a b-p-m-f or d-t-n-l same-group hit",
                "version": "Existing independent hypothesis; pending experimental validation"
              }
            },
            "role": "candidate",
            "decision": "shortlisted",
            "semantic_fit": {
              "fit": "direct",
              "confidence": "High",
              "rationale": "男性义语义匹配强于声音；男本身不自动编码成年，也不对应所有泛指人类语境。",
              "source_refs": [
                "B2-M-NAN"
              ]
            },
            "phonetic_fit": {
              "fit": "weak",
              "confidence": "Low",
              "rationale": "Both initials are nasals but differ in place; vowel differs; modern /n/ coda overlaps. No regular historical correspondence established.",
              "features": {
                "onset": "/m/ bilabial vs /n/ alveolar",
                "vowel": "/æ/ vs /a/",
                "coda_other_consonants": "modern /n/ shared; historical Chinese -m is a different layer",
                "syllables": "one syllable each",
                "prosody": "English stress is not Mandarin second tone"
              },
              "source_refs": [
                "B2-M-NAN"
              ]
            },
            "evidence": [
              {
                "claim_scope": "chinese_sense",
                "status": "mediated",
                "source_refs": [
                  "B2-M-NAN"
                ],
                "locator": null,
                "note": "Existing entry’s scoped dictionary/platform evidence; original print edition audit unchanged. Migration is not new verification."
              },
              {
                "claim_scope": "comparison_inference",
                "status": "lead",
                "source_refs": [
                  "B2-M-NAN"
                ],
                "locator": null,
                "note": "Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields."
              },
              {
                "claim_scope": "chinese_sense",
                "status": "pending",
                "source_refs": [],
                "locator": null,
                "note": "Mainland print dictionary specific edition/entry Pending; no page or quotation asserted."
              }
            ],
            "historical_relation": {
              "status": "Not claimed",
              "source_refs": [],
              "review_note": "No independent cross-language historical evidence introduced."
            },
            "confounds": [
              "男性义语义匹配强于声音；男本身不自动编码成年，也不对应所有泛指人类语境。",
              "Modern Chinese pronunciation is not an ancient reconstruction; resemblance does not establish descent."
            ],
            "discovery_priority": "medium",
            "decision_reason": "男性义语义匹配强于声音；男本身不自动编码成年，也不对应所有泛指人类语境。",
            "review": {
              "status": "reviewed",
              "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu",
              "date": "2026-09-20",
              "note": "Batch 2 Editorial Freeze approved. Candidate status and Pending evidence retained."
            }
          }
        ],
        "review": {
          "status": "reviewed",
          "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu",
          "date": "2026-09-20",
          "note": "Batch 2 Editorial Freeze approved. Candidate status and Pending evidence retained."
        }
      }
    ],
    "display_selection": {
      "featured_candidate_ref": "B2-M-NAN",
      "stage_cards": [
        {
          "stage_mapping_ref": "SM-MODERN",
          "candidate_ref": "B2-M-NAN"
        }
      ],
      "review_status": "approved",
      "reviewer": "Jinkai Liu",
      "reason": "man ↔ 男 nán 比较现代男性义；语义强于声音。M–N 是独立待验证假说，不归入 b-p-m-f 或 d-t-n-l。"
    },
    "historical_path": "AHD IE man-/mon-, extended *manu-/*manw-; Germanic *manna- → Old English man(n) → Middle/Modern English man",
    "semantic_path": "HUMAN / MALE (overlapping senses, not forced narrowing)",
    "boundary": {
      "en": "man ↔ 男 nán 比较现代男性义；语义强于声音。M–N 是独立待验证假说，不归入 b-p-m-f 或 d-t-n-l。",
      "zh-Hans": "man ↔ 男 nán 比较现代男性义；语义强于声音。M–N 是独立待验证假说，不归入 b-p-m-f 或 d-t-n-l。"
    }
  },
  "featured_mapping": {
    "source": "man",
    "target": "男",
    "reading": "nán [nan˧˥]",
    "candidate_ref": "B2-M-NAN",
    "display_label": "Whole-word Phonetic-Semantic Candidate",
    "status": "Candidate; semantic and phonetic evidence independently graded",
    "historical_relation": "Not claimed",
    "boundary": {
      "en": "man ↔ 男 nán 比较现代男性义；语义强于声音。M–N 是独立待验证假说，不归入 b-p-m-f 或 d-t-n-l。",
      "zh-Hans": "man ↔ 男 nán 比较现代男性义；语义强于声音。M–N 是独立待验证假说，不归入 b-p-m-f 或 d-t-n-l。"
    },
    "source_refs": [
      "B2-M-NAN"
    ]
  },
  "legacy_migration": {
    "version": "batch-2-0.1",
    "baseline_commit": "158a2a4839de709569cb309b1966ebb6ff72f9d0",
    "scope": "Read-only pre-freeze archive; superseded claims are not active evidence or current Featured choices.",
    "previous_fields": {
      "primary_mapping": {
        "mapping_id": "MAP-man-primary-nan",
        "source": {
          "language": "English",
          "word": "man",
          "pronunciation": "/mæn/"
        },
        "target": {
          "language": "Chinese",
          "word": "男",
          "pronunciation": "nán"
        },
        "gloss": {
          "en": "An adult male human; historically, also a person or human being in some uses.",
          "zh-Hans": "成年男性；部分历史用法中也可泛指人。"
        },
        "meaning": {
          "en": "An adult male human; historically, also a person or human being in some uses.",
          "zh-Hans": "成年男性；部分历史用法中也可泛指人。"
        },
        "mapping_type": "Cross-language semantic candidate",
        "rationale": {
          "en": "The author compares the M–N consonant relation in man and 男.",
          "zh-Hans": "作者比较 man 与“男”中的 M–N 辅音关系。"
        }
      },
      "historical_relation_status": "Unestablished",
      "references": [
        {
          "reference_id": "SRC-LB-MAN",
          "title": "Language Book · Man",
          "type": "language-book-page",
          "url": null,
          "path": "words/man.html",
          "provenance": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "reference_id": "SRC-HYPOTHESIS-LAB",
          "title": "Unilanguage Hypothesis Lab",
          "type": "project-documentation",
          "url": null,
          "path": "hypothesis-lab.html",
          "provenance": "unknown"
        }
      ],
      "page": null
    },
    "previously_absent_fields": [
      "source_audit_pending",
      "chinese_historical_research",
      "source_historical_research",
      "standard_translation",
      "modern_standard_semantic_mapping",
      "diachronic_semantic_mapping",
      "featured_mapping"
    ]
  }
}