{
  "id": "LB-en-press-pression-022",
  "slug": "press",
  "title": {
    "en": "press · Batch 001",
    "zh-Hans": "press · 数据扩展 Batch 001"
  },
  "languages": [
    {
      "role": "source",
      "code": "en",
      "name": "English",
      "word": "press",
      "pronunciation": "/pres/",
      "part_of_speech": "verb/noun · 动词／名词"
    },
    {
      "role": "historically-related-or-compared-form",
      "code": "fr",
      "name": "French",
      "word": "presser / pression",
      "pronunciation": "not recorded"
    },
    {
      "role": "standard-translation",
      "code": "zh-Hans",
      "name": "Chinese",
      "word": "按压／压",
      "pronunciation": "ànyā / yā"
    }
  ],
  "primary_mapping": {
    "mapping_id": "MAP-press-primary",
    "source": {
      "language": "English",
      "word": "press",
      "pronunciation": "/pres/"
    },
    "target": {
      "language": "Chinese",
      "word": "按 / 压",
      "pronunciation": "àn / yā; cuīcù / bīpò"
    },
    "gloss": {
      "en": "to exert steady force; pressure or a pressing device",
      "zh-Hans": "施加持续的力；压力或施压装置"
    },
    "meaning": {
      "en": "to exert steady force; pressure or a pressing device. This ordinary mapping is independent from the author's cross-language sound/root hypothesis.",
      "zh-Hans": "施加持续的力；压力或施压装置。普通词义 Mapping 与作者跨语言声音／词根假说独立。"
    },
    "mapping_type": "Standard sense-specific mapping; research candidates separately graded",
    "rationale": {
      "en": "Standard meaning is separate from Featured selection. Structural and literary observations do not establish common origin.",
      "zh-Hans": "标准义独立于 Featured 选择；结构和文学观察不证明同源。"
    }
  },
  "entry_status": "Reviewed",
  "mapping_status": "Reviewed",
  "mapping_level": "Unrated",
  "historical_relation_status": "Not claimed",
  "evidence": {
    "Historical": {
      "status": "Established",
      "confidence": "High",
      "summary": {
        "en": "Latin premere / its frequentative pressare → Anglo-French presser → English press. French pression is a related nominal branch, not an obligatory ancestor. The enlistment homograph (press into service) has a separate prest history and is outside this selected lexical identity.",
        "zh-Hans": "Latin premere / its frequentative pressare → Anglo-French presser → English press. French pression is a related nominal branch, not an obligatory ancestor. The enlistment homograph (press into service) has a separate prest history and is outside this selected lexical identity."
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "evidence_id": "HIST-PRESS-001",
          "claim": {
            "en": "English press comes through Anglo-French presser from Latin pressare, an intensive/frequentative of premere ‘press’. French presser follows the same Latin path; pression is from Latin pressio/pressum, likewise from premere. This is a genuine historical family.",
            "zh-Hans": "英语 press 经盎格鲁法语 presser 来自拉丁语 pressare（premere“压”的加强／反复形式）；法语 presser 同源，pression 来自拉丁语 pressio／pressum，也基于 premere。这是真实历史词族。"
          },
          "status": "Established",
          "confidence": "High",
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-MW-PRESS",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
          ]
        },
        {
          "evidence_id": "HIST-PRESS-CORRECTION-002",
          "claim": {
            "en": "The strong result is lexical-semantic and within the English/French Latin family; no English/French–Chinese cognacy is proposed.",
            "zh-Hans": "强结论是词义对应及英法内部的拉丁词族关系；不提出英法词与汉语同源。"
          },
          "status": "Established",
          "confidence": "High",
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
            "REF-MW-PRESS",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-MW-PRESS",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER",
        "FS-PRESS",
        "FS-PRESSER",
        "FS-PRESSION"
      ]
    },
    "Phonetic-Semantic": {
      "status": "Interpretive",
      "confidence": "Low",
      "summary": {
        "en": "The Chinese mapping 压 yā is semantically strong but not phonetically close to press/pression; 迫 pò has partial semantic overlap in compulsion, not a demonstrated sound relation.",
        "zh-Hans": "汉语“压”yā 与 press／pression 语义对应强，但声音并不近；“迫”pò 在强迫义上部分重合，也没有已证音系关系。"
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "evidence_id": "PHONSEM-PRESS-001",
          "claim": {
            "en": "The Chinese mapping 压 yā is semantically strong but not phonetically close to press/pression; 迫 pò has partial semantic overlap in compulsion, not a demonstrated sound relation.",
            "zh-Hans": "汉语“压”yā 与 press／pression 语义对应强，但声音并不近；“迫”pò 在强迫义上部分重合，也没有已证音系关系。"
          },
          "status": "Interpretive",
          "confidence": "Low",
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
            "REF-MW-PRESS",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
        "REF-MW-PRESS",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
      ]
    },
    "Cognitive": {
      "status": "Interpretive",
      "confidence": "Medium",
      "summary": {
        "en": "FORCE → CONTACT → COMPRESSION → PRESSURE is a stable comparable semantic structure.",
        "zh-Hans": "FORCE → CONTACT → COMPRESSION → PRESSURE 是稳定的可比较语义结构。"
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "evidence_id": "COG-PRESS-001",
          "claim": {
            "en": "FORCE → CONTACT → COMPRESSION → PRESSURE is a stable comparable semantic structure.",
            "zh-Hans": "FORCE → CONTACT → COMPRESSION → PRESSURE 是稳定的可比较语义结构。"
          },
          "status": "Interpretive",
          "confidence": "Medium",
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW"
      ]
    },
    "Speculative": {
      "status": "Unestablished",
      "confidence": "Low",
      "summary": {
        "en": "The strong result is lexical-semantic and within the English/French Latin family; no English/French–Chinese cognacy is proposed.",
        "zh-Hans": "强结论是词义对应及英法内部的拉丁词族关系；不提出英法词与汉语同源。"
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "evidence_id": "SPEC-PRESS-001",
          "claim": {
            "en": "The strong result is lexical-semantic and within the English/French Latin family; no English/French–Chinese cognacy is proposed.",
            "zh-Hans": "强结论是词义对应及英法内部的拉丁词族关系；不提出英法词与汉语同源。"
          },
          "status": "Unestablished",
          "confidence": "High",
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
            "REF-MW-PRESS",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
        "REF-MW-PRESS",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
      ]
    }
  },
  "phonetic_observation": [
    {
      "observation_id": "PHON-PRESS-001",
      "claim": {
        "en": "The Chinese mapping 压 yā is semantically strong but not phonetically close to press/pression; 迫 pò has partial semantic overlap in compulsion, not a demonstrated sound relation.",
        "zh-Hans": "汉语“压”yā 与 press／pression 语义对应强，但声音并不近；“迫”pò 在强迫义上部分重合，也没有已证音系关系。"
      },
      "status": "Candidate",
      "limitations": {
        "en": "Modern spelling or sound resemblance is not a regular sound correspondence and does not prove cognacy.",
        "zh-Hans": "现代拼写或声音近似不是规律音变，也不能证明同源。"
      }
    }
  ],
  "semantic_structure": {
    "concepts": [
      "PHYSICAL",
      "ABSTRACT"
    ],
    "relation": "压 yā / 逼 bī / 催 cuī compare constraint and urging by sense. Physical Force → Constraint / Urgency is an interpretive transformation, NOT verified chronology or necessary causation.",
    "status": "Interpretive"
  },
  "related_words": [
    {
      "word": "pressure",
      "language": "English",
      "relationship_type": "Etymological derivative",
      "family": "Latin premere / pressus",
      "relation_to_entry": {
        "en": "Documented historical relation within the stated family.",
        "zh-Hans": "在所列词族内有文献支持的历史关系。"
      },
      "status": "Established",
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-MW-PRESS",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
      ]
    },
    {
      "word": "presser / pression",
      "language": "French",
      "relationship_type": "Historical cognate/borrowing family",
      "family": "Latin pressare / pressio / premere",
      "relation_to_entry": {
        "en": "Documented historical relation within the stated family.",
        "zh-Hans": "在所列词族内有文献支持的历史关系。"
      },
      "status": "Established",
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-MW-PRESS",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
      ]
    },
    {
      "word": "压 yā",
      "language": "Chinese",
      "relationship_type": "Strong semantic mapping",
      "family": "independent Sinitic history",
      "relation_to_entry": {
        "en": "Comparison or association only; not a historical derivation.",
        "zh-Hans": "仅作比较或联想；不是历史派生关系。"
      },
      "status": "Interpretive",
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
        "REF-MW-PRESS",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
      ]
    },
    {
      "word": "迫 pò",
      "language": "Chinese",
      "relationship_type": "Partial semantic association",
      "family": "independent Sinitic history",
      "relation_to_entry": {
        "en": "Comparison or association only; not a historical derivation.",
        "zh-Hans": "仅作比较或联想；不是历史派生关系。"
      },
      "status": "Interpretive",
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
        "REF-MW-PRESS",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "semantic_associations": [
    {
      "association_id": "FINAL-PRESS-PHYSICAL",
      "relation": "按 àn / 压 yā compare hand contact and applied pressure. Force, pressure and compression are related but are not interchangeable physical quantities or outcomes.",
      "status": "Interpretive",
      "is_etymological": false
    },
    {
      "association_id": "FINAL-PRESS-ABSTRACT",
      "relation": "压 yā / 逼 bī / 催 cuī compare constraint and urging by sense. Physical Force → Constraint / Urgency is an interpretive transformation, NOT verified chronology or necessary causation.",
      "status": "Interpretive",
      "is_etymological": false
    }
  ],
  "hypotheses": [
    {
      "hypothesis_id": "UNI-PRESS-001",
      "type": "Original author phonetic-semantic / consonantal-skeleton hypothesis",
      "claim": {
        "en": "The author's comparison around press压力，pression; exercée施加; peur怕…… may support a mnemonic or semantic association without establishing common origin.",
        "zh-Hans": "作者观察“press压力，pression。exercée施加。peur怕……”可作为记忆或语义联想，但不建立共同来源。"
      },
      "status": "Unestablished",
      "confidence": "Low",
      "supporting_cases": [
        "press",
        "pressure",
        "pression",
        "presser",
        "按压"
      ],
      "counterexamples": [
        "The strong result is lexical-semantic and within the English/French Latin family; no English/French–Chinese cognacy is proposed.",
        "No regular cross-language sound correspondence has been demonstrated."
      ],
      "testability": {
        "en": "Test sound similarity and semantic fit separately with blinded ratings, explicit negative controls and historical-source review.",
        "zh-Hans": "用盲法评分、明确负对照与独立词源核验分别检验声音相似度和语义适配。"
      },
      "experiment_link": null,
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
        "REF-MW-PRESS",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "counterevidence": [
    {
      "counterevidence_id": "COUNTER-PRESS-001",
      "statement": {
        "en": "The strong result is lexical-semantic and within the English/French Latin family; no English/French–Chinese cognacy is proposed.",
        "zh-Hans": "强结论是词义对应及英法内部的拉丁词族关系；不提出英法词与汉语同源。"
      },
      "confidence": "High",
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
        "REF-MW-PRESS",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
        "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "experiments": [],
  "literary_layer": {
    "status": "Not present",
    "is_historical_evidence": false,
    "proposition": {
      "en": "FORCE → CONTACT → COMPRESSION → PRESSURE is a stable comparable semantic structure.",
      "zh-Hans": "FORCE → CONTACT → COMPRESSION → PRESSURE 是稳定的可比较语义结构。"
    },
    "essay_prose": [],
    "poem_lyrics": [],
    "translations": [],
    "archival_manuscript_media": [],
    "evidence_boundary": {
      "en": "This cognitive proposition may be developed literarily, but it is not historical evidence.",
      "zh-Hans": "该认知命题可作文学展开，但不是历史证据。"
    }
  },
  "media": [],
  "references": [
    {
      "reference_id": "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
      "title": "Jinkai Liu: press source/raw research note",
      "type": "author research note",
      "url": null,
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "author-provided in conversation; preserved independently from evaluation"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "REF-MW-PRESS",
      "title": "Merriam-Webster Dictionary: press",
      "type": "dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/press",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
      "title": "CNRTL/TLFi: étymologie de pression",
      "type": "historical dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/pression",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER",
      "title": "CNRTL/TLFi: étymologie de presser",
      "type": "historical dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/presser",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-PRESS",
      "title": "PRESS — focused dictionary verification",
      "type": "dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/press",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Concrete online entry reviewed 2026-09-20; supports only its scoped lexical/history claim"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-PRESSER",
      "title": "PRESSER — focused dictionary verification",
      "type": "dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/presser",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Concrete online entry reviewed 2026-09-20; supports only its scoped lexical/history claim"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-PRESSION",
      "title": "PRESSION — focused dictionary verification",
      "type": "dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/pression",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Concrete online entry reviewed 2026-09-20; supports only its scoped lexical/history claim"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-ZDIC-压",
      "title": "汉典 压 — basic/detailed senses only",
      "type": "online dictionary; mediated Chinese evidence",
      "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/压",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Online basic/detailed section; NOT a verified mainland print edition or page. Mainland print entry Pending; Taiwan 國語辭典 section not used as mainland evidence."
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-ZDIC-按",
      "title": "汉典 按 — basic/detailed senses only",
      "type": "online dictionary; mediated Chinese evidence",
      "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/按",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Online basic/detailed section; NOT a verified mainland print edition or page. Mainland print entry Pending; Taiwan 國語辭典 section not used as mainland evidence."
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-ZDIC-逼",
      "title": "汉典 逼 — basic/detailed senses only",
      "type": "online dictionary; mediated Chinese evidence",
      "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/逼",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Online basic/detailed section; NOT a verified mainland print edition or page. Mainland print entry Pending; Taiwan 國語辭典 section not used as mainland evidence."
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-ZDIC-催",
      "title": "汉典 催 — basic/detailed senses only",
      "type": "online dictionary; mediated Chinese evidence",
      "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/催",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Online basic/detailed section; NOT a verified mainland print edition or page. Mainland print entry Pending; Taiwan 國語辭典 section not used as mainland evidence."
    }
  ],
  "author": "Jinkai Liu",
  "version": "Dataset Expansion Batch 001 / Schema v1.0",
  "dates": {
    "created": "2026-09-01",
    "modified": "2026-09-01",
    "published": null
  },
  "editorial_notes": [
    {
      "en": "Batch disposition: Reviewed. Priority score 86.4/100 is editorial triage, not a scientific measurement.",
      "zh-Hans": "批次归类：Reviewed。优先分 86.4/100 仅用于编辑分流，不是科学测量。"
    },
    {
      "en": "The strong result is lexical-semantic and within the English/French Latin family; no English/French–Chinese cognacy is proposed.",
      "zh-Hans": "强结论是词义对应及英法内部的拉丁词族关系；不提出英法词与汉语同源。"
    },
    {
      "en": "Final Tier D Batch 2: Transformation / Structural-Semantic; Ready to migrate with Pending layer.",
      "zh-Hans": "Final Tier D Batch 2: Transformation / Structural-Semantic; Ready to migrate with Pending layer."
    },
    {
      "en": "Featured Mapping: Pending. Semantic research value is independent of phonetic resemblance. Mainland print evidence remains Pending.",
      "zh-Hans": "Featured Mapping: Pending。语义研究价值独立于声音相似；大陆纸本条目继续 Pending。"
    },
    {
      "en": "Transformation Mapping ≠ diachronic chronology. Protocol relation ≠ lexical etymology. Literary freedom ≠ historical evidence. Historical Relation: Not claimed.",
      "zh-Hans": "转换映射不等于历时顺序；协议关系不等于词源；文学自由不等于历史证据；不主张跨语言历史关系。"
    }
  ],
  "search_terms": [
    "press",
    "pressure",
    "pression",
    "presser",
    "按压",
    "压",
    "压力",
    "迫",
    "施加",
    "force",
    "compression",
    "按",
    "逼",
    "催"
  ],
  "page": "words/press.html",
  "legacy": null,
  "source": {
    "type": "author-provided raw research note",
    "author": "Jinkai Liu",
    "status": "Preserved; claims independently classified above",
    "normalization": "Spelling and punctuation normalized only in evaluated fields; raw note retained verbatim here.",
    "raw_note": "press压力，pression。exercée施加。peur怕……"
  },
  "batch": {
    "batch_id": "DATASET-EXPANSION-BATCH-001",
    "ordinal": 9,
    "disposition": "Reviewed",
    "priority_score": 86.4
  },
  "standard_translation": {
    "target": "按 / 压；催促 / 逼迫（依语境）；本条聚焦施力动词",
    "status": "Frozen sense-specific semantic scope; not historical equivalence"
  },
  "featured_mapping_status": "Pending",
  "research_candidate_discovery": {
    "reviewer": "Codex focused research under conditional user authorization",
    "freeze_status": "Ready to migrate with Pending layer",
    "primary_pipeline": "Transformation / Structural-Semantic",
    "historical_path": "Latin premere / its frequentative pressare → Anglo-French presser → English press. French pression is a related nominal branch, not an obligatory ancestor. The enlistment homograph (press into service) has a separate prest history and is outside this selected lexical identity.",
    "stages": [
      {
        "stage_id": "PRESS-1",
        "form": "premere / pressare",
        "language": "Latin",
        "approximate_period": "Antiquity",
        "meaning": "press / squeeze / harass; related base and frequentative",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-PRESS",
          "FS-PRESSER",
          "FS-PRESSION"
        ],
        "boundary": "No one-character-per-stage rule; listed branches/comparisons are not a single chain."
      },
      {
        "stage_id": "PRESS-2",
        "form": "presser",
        "language": "Old / Anglo-French",
        "approximate_period": "Medieval",
        "meaning": "press / compress / urge",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-PRESS",
          "FS-PRESSER",
          "FS-PRESSION"
        ],
        "boundary": "No one-character-per-stage rule; listed branches/comparisons are not a single chain."
      },
      {
        "stage_id": "PRESS-3",
        "form": "press",
        "language": "English",
        "approximate_period": "14th century onward for selected verb",
        "meaning": "apply force / urge / insist",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-PRESS",
          "FS-PRESSER",
          "FS-PRESSION"
        ],
        "boundary": "No one-character-per-stage rule; listed branches/comparisons are not a single chain."
      }
    ],
    "candidates": [
      {
        "chinese_form": "压",
        "reading": "yā",
        "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin, present day; historical attestations not newly dated",
        "source_unit": "press",
        "meaning": "apply pressure / constrain; not yà in 压根儿",
        "semantic_fit": "High within pressure sense",
        "phonetic_fit": "Low; no sound-based selection",
        "structural_fit": "Sense-specific comparison; not a universal transformation",
        "evidence_status": "Mediated online lexical support; mainland print entry Pending",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-ZDIC-压",
          "FS-PRESS"
        ],
        "consonant_group": "Not applicable: no group-derived evidence score",
        "historical_relation": "Not claimed",
        "decision": "Retain sense-specific semantic comparison; Not selected Featured"
      },
      {
        "chinese_form": "按",
        "reading": "àn",
        "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin, present day; historical attestations not newly dated",
        "source_unit": "press",
        "meaning": "press with the hand / hold down",
        "semantic_fit": "High within contact sense",
        "phonetic_fit": "Low; no sound-based selection",
        "structural_fit": "Sense-specific comparison; not a universal transformation",
        "evidence_status": "Mediated online lexical support; mainland print entry Pending",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-ZDIC-按",
          "FS-PRESS"
        ],
        "consonant_group": "Not applicable: no group-derived evidence score",
        "historical_relation": "Not claimed",
        "decision": "Retain sense-specific semantic comparison; Not selected Featured"
      },
      {
        "chinese_form": "逼",
        "reading": "bī",
        "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin, present day; historical attestations not newly dated",
        "source_unit": "press",
        "meaning": "compel / constrain",
        "semantic_fit": "High within coercion sense",
        "phonetic_fit": "Low; no sound-based selection",
        "structural_fit": "Sense-specific comparison; not a universal transformation",
        "evidence_status": "Mediated online lexical support; mainland print entry Pending",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-ZDIC-逼",
          "FS-PRESS"
        ],
        "consonant_group": "Not applicable: no group-derived evidence score",
        "historical_relation": "Not claimed",
        "decision": "Retain sense-specific semantic comparison; Not selected Featured"
      },
      {
        "chinese_form": "催",
        "reading": "cuī",
        "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin, present day; historical attestations not newly dated",
        "source_unit": "press",
        "meaning": "urge / hurry",
        "semantic_fit": "High within urgency sense",
        "phonetic_fit": "Low; no sound-based selection",
        "structural_fit": "Sense-specific comparison; not a universal transformation",
        "evidence_status": "Mediated online lexical support; mainland print entry Pending",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-ZDIC-催",
          "FS-PRESS"
        ],
        "consonant_group": "Not applicable: no group-derived evidence score",
        "historical_relation": "Not claimed",
        "decision": "Retain sense-specific semantic comparison; Not selected Featured"
      }
    ],
    "controls": [
      "CNRTL records an abstract presser attestation around 1160 and a fruit-compressing use around 1200; those attestations do not support a simple physical-first French chronology.",
      "Press the button does not entail fear or urgency.",
      "peur/怕 concerns fear, not the lexical meaning or ancestry of press."
    ],
    "rejected": [
      "peur / 怕 as the historical basis of press",
      "physical → abstract as a demonstrated strict chronology"
    ],
    "pending": [
      "Featured Mapping: Pending",
      "Mainland large print dictionaries: specific edition/entry/page not directly obtained; Pending",
      "Historical Chinese pronunciation and dating: not inferred from modern pinyin"
    ],
    "shortlist": [
      "压",
      "按",
      "逼"
    ],
    "historical_relation": "Not claimed"
  },
  "legacy_migration": {
    "version": "final-structural-0.1",
    "baseline_commit": "c0cab379544cc6f55db6daecb6e3a694347415e9",
    "previous_fields": {
      "primary_mapping": {
        "mapping_id": "MAP-press-primary",
        "source": {
          "language": "English",
          "word": "press",
          "pronunciation": "/pres/"
        },
        "target": {
          "language": "Chinese",
          "word": "按压／压",
          "pronunciation": "ànyā / yā"
        },
        "gloss": {
          "en": "to exert steady force; pressure or a pressing device",
          "zh-Hans": "施加持续的力；压力或施压装置"
        },
        "meaning": {
          "en": "to exert steady force; pressure or a pressing device. This ordinary mapping is independent from the author's cross-language sound/root hypothesis.",
          "zh-Hans": "施加持续的力；压力或施压装置。普通词义 Mapping 与作者跨语言声音／词根假说独立。"
        },
        "mapping_type": "Standard lexical/semantic mapping with separately graded research hypothesis",
        "rationale": {
          "en": "The primary mapping follows ordinary meaning; historical and phonetic claims are evaluated on separate tracks.",
          "zh-Hans": "主要 Mapping 依据普通词义；历史关系与语音主张在独立轨道评价。"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "Historical": {
          "status": "Established",
          "confidence": "High",
          "summary": {
            "en": "English press comes through Anglo-French presser from Latin pressare, an intensive/frequentative of premere ‘press’. French presser follows the same Latin path; pression is from Latin pressio/pressum, likewise from premere. This is a genuine historical family.",
            "zh-Hans": "英语 press 经盎格鲁法语 presser 来自拉丁语 pressare（premere“压”的加强／反复形式）；法语 presser 同源，pression 来自拉丁语 pressio／pressum，也基于 premere。这是真实历史词族。"
          },
          "items": [
            {
              "evidence_id": "HIST-PRESS-001",
              "claim": {
                "en": "English press comes through Anglo-French presser from Latin pressare, an intensive/frequentative of premere ‘press’. French presser follows the same Latin path; pression is from Latin pressio/pressum, likewise from premere. This is a genuine historical family.",
                "zh-Hans": "英语 press 经盎格鲁法语 presser 来自拉丁语 pressare（premere“压”的加强／反复形式）；法语 presser 同源，pression 来自拉丁语 pressio／pressum，也基于 premere。这是真实历史词族。"
              },
              "status": "Established",
              "confidence": "High",
              "source_refs": [
                "REF-MW-PRESS",
                "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
                "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
              ]
            },
            {
              "evidence_id": "HIST-PRESS-CORRECTION-002",
              "claim": {
                "en": "The strong result is lexical-semantic and within the English/French Latin family; no English/French–Chinese cognacy is proposed.",
                "zh-Hans": "强结论是词义对应及英法内部的拉丁词族关系；不提出英法词与汉语同源。"
              },
              "status": "Established",
              "confidence": "High",
              "source_refs": [
                "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
                "REF-MW-PRESS",
                "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
                "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-MW-PRESS",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
          ]
        },
        "Phonetic-Semantic": {
          "status": "Interpretive",
          "confidence": "Low",
          "summary": {
            "en": "The Chinese mapping 压 yā is semantically strong but not phonetically close to press/pression; 迫 pò has partial semantic overlap in compulsion, not a demonstrated sound relation.",
            "zh-Hans": "汉语“压”yā 与 press／pression 语义对应强，但声音并不近；“迫”pò 在强迫义上部分重合，也没有已证音系关系。"
          },
          "items": [
            {
              "evidence_id": "PHONSEM-PRESS-001",
              "claim": {
                "en": "The Chinese mapping 压 yā is semantically strong but not phonetically close to press/pression; 迫 pò has partial semantic overlap in compulsion, not a demonstrated sound relation.",
                "zh-Hans": "汉语“压”yā 与 press／pression 语义对应强，但声音并不近；“迫”pò 在强迫义上部分重合，也没有已证音系关系。"
              },
              "status": "Interpretive",
              "confidence": "Low",
              "source_refs": [
                "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
                "REF-MW-PRESS",
                "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
                "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
            "REF-MW-PRESS",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
          ]
        },
        "Cognitive": {
          "status": "Interpretive",
          "confidence": "Medium",
          "summary": {
            "en": "FORCE → CONTACT → COMPRESSION → PRESSURE is a stable comparable semantic structure.",
            "zh-Hans": "FORCE → CONTACT → COMPRESSION → PRESSURE 是稳定的可比较语义结构。"
          },
          "items": [
            {
              "evidence_id": "COG-PRESS-001",
              "claim": {
                "en": "FORCE → CONTACT → COMPRESSION → PRESSURE is a stable comparable semantic structure.",
                "zh-Hans": "FORCE → CONTACT → COMPRESSION → PRESSURE 是稳定的可比较语义结构。"
              },
              "status": "Interpretive",
              "confidence": "Medium",
              "source_refs": [
                "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW"
          ]
        },
        "Speculative": {
          "status": "Unestablished",
          "confidence": "Low",
          "summary": {
            "en": "The strong result is lexical-semantic and within the English/French Latin family; no English/French–Chinese cognacy is proposed.",
            "zh-Hans": "强结论是词义对应及英法内部的拉丁词族关系；不提出英法词与汉语同源。"
          },
          "items": [
            {
              "evidence_id": "SPEC-PRESS-001",
              "claim": {
                "en": "The strong result is lexical-semantic and within the English/French Latin family; no English/French–Chinese cognacy is proposed.",
                "zh-Hans": "强结论是词义对应及英法内部的拉丁词族关系；不提出英法词与汉语同源。"
              },
              "status": "Unestablished",
              "confidence": "High",
              "source_refs": [
                "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
                "REF-MW-PRESS",
                "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
                "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
            "REF-MW-PRESS",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
            "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER"
          ]
        }
      },
      "semantic_structure": {
        "concepts": [
          "PRESS",
          "PRESSURE",
          "FORCE",
          "COMPRESSION"
        ],
        "relation": "PRESS → PRESSURE → FORCE → COMPRESSION",
        "status": "Interpretive"
      },
      "semantic_associations": [
        {
          "association_id": "ASSOC-PRESS-001",
          "relation": "PRESS → PRESSURE → FORCE → COMPRESSION",
          "status": "Interpretive",
          "is_etymological": false
        }
      ],
      "references": [
        {
          "reference_id": "REF-JL-PRESS-RAW",
          "title": "Jinkai Liu: press source/raw research note",
          "type": "author research note",
          "url": null,
          "path": null,
          "provenance": "author-provided in conversation; preserved independently from evaluation"
        },
        {
          "reference_id": "REF-MW-PRESS",
          "title": "Merriam-Webster Dictionary: press",
          "type": "dictionary",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/press",
          "path": null,
          "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
        },
        {
          "reference_id": "REF-CNRTL-PRESSION",
          "title": "CNRTL/TLFi: étymologie de pression",
          "type": "historical dictionary",
          "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/pression",
          "path": null,
          "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
        },
        {
          "reference_id": "REF-CNRTL-PRESSER",
          "title": "CNRTL/TLFi: étymologie de presser",
          "type": "historical dictionary",
          "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/presser",
          "path": null,
          "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
        }
      ],
      "editorial_notes": [
        {
          "en": "Batch disposition: Reviewed. Priority score 86.4/100 is editorial triage, not a scientific measurement.",
          "zh-Hans": "批次归类：Reviewed。优先分 86.4/100 仅用于编辑分流，不是科学测量。"
        },
        {
          "en": "The strong result is lexical-semantic and within the English/French Latin family; no English/French–Chinese cognacy is proposed.",
          "zh-Hans": "强结论是词义对应及英法内部的拉丁词族关系；不提出英法词与汉语同源。"
        }
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "press",
        "pressure",
        "pression",
        "presser",
        "按压",
        "压",
        "压力",
        "迫",
        "施加",
        "force",
        "compression"
      ],
      "page": null
    },
    "previously_absent_fields": [
      "standard_translation",
      "featured_mapping_status",
      "research_candidate_discovery"
    ]
  }
}