{
  "id": "LB-en-sign-cognition-017",
  "slug": "sign",
  "title": {
    "en": "sign · Batch 001",
    "zh-Hans": "sign · 数据扩展 Batch 001"
  },
  "languages": [
    {
      "role": "source",
      "code": "en",
      "name": "English",
      "word": "sign",
      "pronunciation": "/saɪn/",
      "part_of_speech": "noun/verb · 名词／动词"
    },
    {
      "role": "historically-related-or-compared-form",
      "code": "fr",
      "name": "French",
      "word": "signe",
      "pronunciation": "not recorded"
    },
    {
      "role": "standard-translation",
      "code": "zh-Hans",
      "name": "Chinese",
      "word": "符号／标记",
      "pronunciation": "fúhào / biāojì"
    }
  ],
  "primary_mapping": {
    "mapping_id": "MAP-sign-primary",
    "source": {
      "language": "English",
      "word": "sign",
      "pronunciation": "/saɪn/"
    },
    "target": {
      "language": "Chinese",
      "word": "标记 / 符号 / 迹象",
      "pronunciation": "biāojì / fúhào / jìxiàng"
    },
    "gloss": {
      "en": "a mark, token or gesture that conveys meaning",
      "zh-Hans": "传达意义的符号、标记或动作"
    },
    "meaning": {
      "en": "a mark, token or gesture that conveys meaning. This ordinary mapping is independent from the author's cross-language sound/root hypothesis.",
      "zh-Hans": "传达意义的符号、标记或动作。普通词义 Mapping 与作者跨语言声音／词根假说独立。"
    },
    "mapping_type": "Standard sense-specific mapping; research candidates separately graded",
    "rationale": {
      "en": "Standard meaning is separate from Featured selection. Structural and literary observations do not establish common origin.",
      "zh-Hans": "标准义独立于 Featured 选择；结构和文学观察不证明同源。"
    }
  },
  "entry_status": "Reviewed",
  "mapping_status": "Candidate",
  "mapping_level": "C",
  "historical_relation_status": "Not claimed",
  "evidence": {
    "Historical": {
      "status": "Established",
      "confidence": "High",
      "summary": {
        "en": "Noun: Latin signum → Anglo-French signe → Middle English signe → sign. Verb: Latin signare, derived from signum, → Anglo-French signer → English sign. Cognition follows Latin cognitio; the observed ign/ogn strings do not establish a shared root here. Deeper signum etymology remains uncertain.",
        "zh-Hans": "Noun: Latin signum → Anglo-French signe → Middle English signe → sign. Verb: Latin signare, derived from signum, → Anglo-French signer → English sign. Cognition follows Latin cognitio; the observed ign/ogn strings do not establish a shared root here. Deeper signum etymology remains uncertain."
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "evidence_id": "HIST-SIGN-001",
          "claim": {
            "en": "Sign belongs to the Latin signum/signare ‘mark, token’ family. Cognitive/cognition belongs to Latin cognoscere/cognitio ‘know, knowledge’, with the gnosc-/gno- KNOW family. These are separate historical clusters.",
            "zh-Hans": "sign 属拉丁语 signum／signare“标记、符号”词族；cognitive／cognition 属拉丁语 cognoscere／cognitio“认识、知识”及 gnosc-／gno- KNOW 词族。两者是不同的历史簇。"
          },
          "status": "Established",
          "confidence": "High",
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-MW-SIGN",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
          ]
        },
        {
          "evidence_id": "HIST-SIGN-CORRECTION-002",
          "claim": {
            "en": "signum and cognoscere are not merged into one root; ign/ogn are treated as an authorial consonantal-skeleton hypothesis only.",
            "zh-Hans": "不把 signum 与 cognoscere 合并成一个词根；ign／ogn 只作为作者辅音骨架假说保留。"
          },
          "status": "Established",
          "confidence": "High",
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
            "REF-MW-SIGN",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-MW-SIGN",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF",
        "FS-SIGN",
        "FS-COGNITION"
      ]
    },
    "Phonetic-Semantic": {
      "status": "Candidate",
      "confidence": "Low",
      "summary": {
        "en": "The written sequences ign/ogn/gn are not interchangeable morphemes. In sign the g is silent in the modern base form, while cognitive has /gn/ distributed by its Latin morphology and modern pronunciation.",
        "zh-Hans": "书写序列 ign／ogn／gn 不是可互换语素；现代 sign 的 g 不发音，而 cognitive 中相关字母受拉丁形态和现代读音制约。"
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "evidence_id": "PHONSEM-SIGN-001",
          "claim": {
            "en": "The written sequences ign/ogn/gn are not interchangeable morphemes. In sign the g is silent in the modern base form, while cognitive has /gn/ distributed by its Latin morphology and modern pronunciation.",
            "zh-Hans": "书写序列 ign／ogn／gn 不是可互换语素；现代 sign 的 g 不发音，而 cognitive 中相关字母受拉丁形态和现代读音制约。"
          },
          "status": "Candidate",
          "confidence": "Low",
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
            "REF-MW-SIGN",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
        "REF-MW-SIGN",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
      ]
    },
    "Cognitive": {
      "status": "Interpretive",
      "confidence": "Medium",
      "summary": {
        "en": "A sign can cue recognition and knowledge, so SIGN/MARK → RECOGNIZE → KNOW is a legitimate semantic bridge, not an etymology.",
        "zh-Hans": "符号可触发辨认与认知，因此 SIGN／MARK → RECOGNIZE → KNOW 是合理语义桥，而不是词源链。"
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "evidence_id": "COG-SIGN-001",
          "claim": {
            "en": "A sign can cue recognition and knowledge, so SIGN/MARK → RECOGNIZE → KNOW is a legitimate semantic bridge, not an etymology.",
            "zh-Hans": "符号可触发辨认与认知，因此 SIGN／MARK → RECOGNIZE → KNOW 是合理语义桥，而不是词源链。"
          },
          "status": "Interpretive",
          "confidence": "Medium",
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW"
      ]
    },
    "Speculative": {
      "status": "Candidate",
      "confidence": "Low",
      "summary": {
        "en": "signum and cognoscere are not merged into one root; ign/ogn are treated as an authorial consonantal-skeleton hypothesis only.",
        "zh-Hans": "不把 signum 与 cognoscere 合并成一个词根；ign／ogn 只作为作者辅音骨架假说保留。"
      },
      "items": [
        {
          "evidence_id": "SPEC-SIGN-001",
          "claim": {
            "en": "signum and cognoscere are not merged into one root; ign/ogn are treated as an authorial consonantal-skeleton hypothesis only.",
            "zh-Hans": "不把 signum 与 cognoscere 合并成一个词根；ign／ogn 只作为作者辅音骨架假说保留。"
          },
          "status": "Candidate",
          "confidence": "High",
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
            "REF-MW-SIGN",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
        "REF-MW-SIGN",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
      ]
    }
  },
  "phonetic_observation": [
    {
      "observation_id": "PHON-SIGN-001",
      "claim": {
        "en": "The written sequences ign/ogn/gn are not interchangeable morphemes. In sign the g is silent in the modern base form, while cognitive has /gn/ distributed by its Latin morphology and modern pronunciation.",
        "zh-Hans": "书写序列 ign／ogn／gn 不是可互换语素；现代 sign 的 g 不发音，而 cognitive 中相关字母受拉丁形态和现代读音制约。"
      },
      "status": "Candidate",
      "limitations": {
        "en": "Modern spelling or sound resemblance is not a regular sound correspondence and does not prove cognacy.",
        "zh-Hans": "现代拼写或声音近似不是规律音变，也不能证明同源。"
      }
    }
  ],
  "semantic_structure": {
    "concepts": [
      "SENSES",
      "SYMBOLIC"
    ],
    "relation": "Concept → Mark → Symbol → Meaning models a representation/interpretation task. It is NOT the historical order of sign senses.",
    "status": "Interpretive"
  },
  "related_words": [
    {
      "word": "signal / signature",
      "language": "English/French",
      "relationship_type": "Etymological derivatives",
      "family": "Latin signum / signare",
      "relation_to_entry": {
        "en": "Documented historical relation within the stated family.",
        "zh-Hans": "在所列词族内有文献支持的历史关系。"
      },
      "status": "Established",
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-MW-SIGN",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
      ]
    },
    {
      "word": "cognition / cognitive",
      "language": "English/French",
      "relationship_type": "Separate KNOW cluster",
      "family": "Latin cognitio / cognoscere",
      "relation_to_entry": {
        "en": "Documented historical relation within the stated family.",
        "zh-Hans": "在所列词族内有文献支持的历史关系。"
      },
      "status": "Established",
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-MW-SIGN",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
      ]
    },
    {
      "word": "recognize / reconnaître",
      "language": "English/French",
      "relationship_type": "KNOW cluster derivative",
      "family": "Latin recognoscere",
      "relation_to_entry": {
        "en": "Documented historical relation within the stated family.",
        "zh-Hans": "在所列词族内有文献支持的历史关系。"
      },
      "status": "Established",
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-MW-SIGN",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "semantic_associations": [
    {
      "association_id": "FINAL-SIGN-SENSES",
      "relation": "标 biāo / 记 jì: mark; 符 fú: conventional symbol; 征 zhēng (徵): indication. 象 xiàng is a representation comparison, not a universal translation.",
      "status": "Interpretive",
      "is_etymological": false
    },
    {
      "association_id": "FINAL-SIGN-SYMBOLIC",
      "relation": "Concept → Mark → Symbol → Meaning models a representation/interpretation task. It is NOT the historical order of sign senses.",
      "status": "Interpretive",
      "is_etymological": false
    }
  ],
  "hypotheses": [
    {
      "hypothesis_id": "UNI-SIGN-001",
      "type": "Original author phonetic-semantic / consonantal-skeleton hypothesis",
      "claim": {
        "en": "The author's comparison around ign，ogn，cognitive认知，sign; 辅音不变规则同样适用于词根的意义;  may support a mnemonic or semantic association without establishing common origin.",
        "zh-Hans": "作者观察“ign，ogn，cognitive认知，sign。辅音不变规则同样适用于词根的意义。”可作为记忆或语义联想，但不建立共同来源。"
      },
      "status": "Candidate",
      "confidence": "Low",
      "supporting_cases": [
        "sign",
        "signe",
        "signal",
        "signature",
        "cognitive"
      ],
      "counterexamples": [
        "signum and cognoscere are not merged into one root; ign/ogn are treated as an authorial consonantal-skeleton hypothesis only.",
        "No regular cross-language sound correspondence has been demonstrated."
      ],
      "testability": {
        "en": "Test sound similarity and semantic fit separately with blinded ratings, explicit negative controls and historical-source review.",
        "zh-Hans": "用盲法评分、明确负对照与独立词源核验分别检验声音相似度和语义适配。"
      },
      "experiment_link": null,
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
        "REF-MW-SIGN",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "counterevidence": [
    {
      "counterevidence_id": "COUNTER-SIGN-001",
      "statement": {
        "en": "signum and cognoscere are not merged into one root; ign/ogn are treated as an authorial consonantal-skeleton hypothesis only.",
        "zh-Hans": "不把 signum 与 cognoscere 合并成一个词根；ign／ogn 只作为作者辅音骨架假说保留。"
      },
      "confidence": "High",
      "source_refs": [
        "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
        "REF-MW-SIGN",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
        "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "experiments": [],
  "literary_layer": {
    "status": "Not present",
    "is_historical_evidence": false,
    "proposition": {
      "en": "A sign can cue recognition and knowledge, so SIGN/MARK → RECOGNIZE → KNOW is a legitimate semantic bridge, not an etymology.",
      "zh-Hans": "符号可触发辨认与认知，因此 SIGN／MARK → RECOGNIZE → KNOW 是合理语义桥，而不是词源链。"
    },
    "essay_prose": [],
    "poem_lyrics": [],
    "translations": [],
    "archival_manuscript_media": [],
    "evidence_boundary": {
      "en": "This cognitive proposition may be developed literarily, but it is not historical evidence.",
      "zh-Hans": "该认知命题可作文学展开，但不是历史证据。"
    }
  },
  "media": [],
  "references": [
    {
      "reference_id": "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
      "title": "Jinkai Liu: sign source/raw research note",
      "type": "author research note",
      "url": null,
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "author-provided in conversation; preserved independently from evaluation"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "REF-MW-SIGN",
      "title": "Merriam-Webster Dictionary: sign",
      "type": "dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sign",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
      "title": "CNRTL/TLFi: étymologie de cognition",
      "type": "historical dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/cognition",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF",
      "title": "CNRTL/TLFi: étymologie de cognitif",
      "type": "historical dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/cognitif",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-SIGN",
      "title": "SIGN — focused dictionary verification",
      "type": "dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sign",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Concrete online entry reviewed 2026-09-20; supports only its scoped lexical/history claim"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-COGNITION",
      "title": "COGNITION — focused dictionary verification",
      "type": "dictionary",
      "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/cognitions",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Concrete online entry reviewed 2026-09-20; supports only its scoped lexical/history claim"
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-ZDIC-记",
      "title": "汉典 记 — basic/detailed senses only",
      "type": "online dictionary; mediated Chinese evidence",
      "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/记",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Online basic/detailed section; NOT a verified mainland print edition or page. Mainland print entry Pending; Taiwan 國語辭典 section not used as mainland evidence."
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-ZDIC-标",
      "title": "汉典 标 — basic/detailed senses only",
      "type": "online dictionary; mediated Chinese evidence",
      "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/标",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Online basic/detailed section; NOT a verified mainland print edition or page. Mainland print entry Pending; Taiwan 國語辭典 section not used as mainland evidence."
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-ZDIC-符",
      "title": "汉典 符 — basic/detailed senses only",
      "type": "online dictionary; mediated Chinese evidence",
      "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/符",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Online basic/detailed section; NOT a verified mainland print edition or page. Mainland print entry Pending; Taiwan 國語辭典 section not used as mainland evidence."
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-ZDIC-象",
      "title": "汉典 象 — basic/detailed senses only",
      "type": "online dictionary; mediated Chinese evidence",
      "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/象",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Online basic/detailed section; NOT a verified mainland print edition or page. Mainland print entry Pending; Taiwan 國語辭典 section not used as mainland evidence."
    },
    {
      "reference_id": "FS-ZDIC-征",
      "title": "汉典 征 — basic/detailed senses only",
      "type": "online dictionary; mediated Chinese evidence",
      "url": "https://zdic.net/hans/征",
      "path": null,
      "provenance": "Online basic/detailed section; NOT a verified mainland print edition or page. Mainland print entry Pending; Taiwan 國語辭典 section not used as mainland evidence."
    }
  ],
  "author": "Jinkai Liu",
  "version": "Dataset Expansion Batch 001 / Schema v1.0",
  "dates": {
    "created": "2026-09-01",
    "modified": "2026-09-01",
    "published": null
  },
  "editorial_notes": [
    {
      "en": "Batch disposition: Candidate. Priority score 89.6/100 is editorial triage, not a scientific measurement.",
      "zh-Hans": "批次归类：Candidate。优先分 89.6/100 仅用于编辑分流，不是科学测量。"
    },
    {
      "en": "signum and cognoscere are not merged into one root; ign/ogn are treated as an authorial consonantal-skeleton hypothesis only.",
      "zh-Hans": "不把 signum 与 cognoscere 合并成一个词根；ign／ogn 只作为作者辅音骨架假说保留。"
    },
    {
      "en": "Final Tier D Batch 2: Transformation / Symbolic; Ready to migrate with Pending layer.",
      "zh-Hans": "Final Tier D Batch 2: Transformation / Symbolic; Ready to migrate with Pending layer."
    },
    {
      "en": "Featured Mapping: Pending. Semantic research value is independent of phonetic resemblance. Mainland print evidence remains Pending.",
      "zh-Hans": "Featured Mapping: Pending。语义研究价值独立于声音相似；大陆纸本条目继续 Pending。"
    },
    {
      "en": "Transformation Mapping ≠ diachronic chronology. Protocol relation ≠ lexical etymology. Literary freedom ≠ historical evidence. Historical Relation: Not claimed.",
      "zh-Hans": "转换映射不等于历时顺序；协议关系不等于词源；文学自由不等于历史证据；不主张跨语言历史关系。"
    }
  ],
  "search_terms": [
    "sign",
    "signe",
    "signal",
    "signature",
    "cognitive",
    "cognition",
    "recognize",
    "recognition",
    "认知",
    "认识",
    "符号",
    "标记",
    "ign",
    "ogn",
    "gnoscere",
    "记",
    "标",
    "符",
    "象",
    "征"
  ],
  "page": "words/sign.html",
  "legacy": null,
  "source": {
    "type": "author-provided raw research note",
    "author": "Jinkai Liu",
    "status": "Preserved; claims independently classified above",
    "normalization": "Spelling and punctuation normalized only in evaluated fields; raw note retained verbatim here.",
    "raw_note": "ign，ogn，cognitive认知，sign。辅音不变规则同样适用于词根的意义。"
  },
  "batch": {
    "batch_id": "DATASET-EXPANSION-BATCH-001",
    "ordinal": 4,
    "disposition": "Candidate",
    "priority_score": 89.6
  },
  "standard_translation": {
    "target": "标记 / 符号 / 迹象；sign a name = 签名（依义项）",
    "status": "Frozen sense-specific semantic scope; not historical equivalence"
  },
  "featured_mapping_status": "Pending",
  "research_candidate_discovery": {
    "reviewer": "Codex focused research under conditional user authorization",
    "freeze_status": "Ready to migrate with Pending layer",
    "primary_pipeline": "Transformation / Symbolic",
    "historical_path": "Noun: Latin signum → Anglo-French signe → Middle English signe → sign. Verb: Latin signare, derived from signum, → Anglo-French signer → English sign. Cognition follows Latin cognitio; the observed ign/ogn strings do not establish a shared root here. Deeper signum etymology remains uncertain.",
    "stages": [
      {
        "stage_id": "SIGN-1",
        "form": "signum / signare",
        "language": "Latin",
        "approximate_period": "Antiquity; noun and derived verb",
        "meaning": "mark, token / mark, sign",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-SIGN",
          "FS-COGNITION"
        ],
        "boundary": "No one-character-per-stage rule; listed branches/comparisons are not a single chain."
      },
      {
        "stage_id": "SIGN-2",
        "form": "signe / signer",
        "language": "Anglo-French",
        "approximate_period": "Medieval",
        "meaning": "sign / mark",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-SIGN",
          "FS-COGNITION"
        ],
        "boundary": "No one-character-per-stage rule; listed branches/comparisons are not a single chain."
      },
      {
        "stage_id": "SIGN-3",
        "form": "sign",
        "language": "English",
        "approximate_period": "13th century onward; current senses separately scoped",
        "meaning": "mark / indication / conventional symbol; sign a name",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-SIGN",
          "FS-COGNITION"
        ],
        "boundary": "No one-character-per-stage rule; listed branches/comparisons are not a single chain."
      }
    ],
    "candidates": [
      {
        "chinese_form": "记",
        "reading": "jì",
        "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin, present day; historical attestations not newly dated",
        "source_unit": "sign",
        "meaning": "mark / notation in 记号; not every remembering sense",
        "semantic_fit": "Limited",
        "phonetic_fit": "Low; no sound-based selection",
        "structural_fit": "Sense-specific comparison; not a universal transformation",
        "evidence_status": "Mediated online lexical support; mainland print entry Pending",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-ZDIC-记",
          "FS-SIGN"
        ],
        "consonant_group": "Not applicable: no group-derived evidence score",
        "historical_relation": "Not claimed",
        "decision": "Retain sense-specific semantic comparison; Not selected Featured"
      },
      {
        "chinese_form": "标",
        "reading": "biāo",
        "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin, present day; historical attestations not newly dated",
        "source_unit": "sign",
        "meaning": "mark / identifying marker",
        "semantic_fit": "High within mark sense",
        "phonetic_fit": "Low; no sound-based selection",
        "structural_fit": "Sense-specific comparison; not a universal transformation",
        "evidence_status": "Mediated online lexical support; mainland print entry Pending",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-ZDIC-标",
          "FS-SIGN"
        ],
        "consonant_group": "Not applicable: no group-derived evidence score",
        "historical_relation": "Not claimed",
        "decision": "Retain sense-specific semantic comparison; Not selected Featured"
      },
      {
        "chinese_form": "符",
        "reading": "fú",
        "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin, present day; historical attestations not newly dated",
        "source_unit": "sign",
        "meaning": "conventional symbol, as in 符号",
        "semantic_fit": "High within symbol sense",
        "phonetic_fit": "Low; no sound-based selection",
        "structural_fit": "Sense-specific comparison; not a universal transformation",
        "evidence_status": "Mediated online lexical support; mainland print entry Pending",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-ZDIC-符",
          "FS-SIGN"
        ],
        "consonant_group": "Not applicable: no group-derived evidence score",
        "historical_relation": "Not claimed",
        "decision": "Retain sense-specific semantic comparison; Not selected Featured"
      },
      {
        "chinese_form": "象",
        "reading": "xiàng",
        "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin, present day; historical attestations not newly dated",
        "source_unit": "sign",
        "meaning": "representation / image",
        "semantic_fit": "Limited; not every sign is an image",
        "phonetic_fit": "Low; no sound-based selection",
        "structural_fit": "Sense-specific comparison; not a universal transformation",
        "evidence_status": "Mediated online lexical support; mainland print entry Pending",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-ZDIC-象",
          "FS-SIGN"
        ],
        "consonant_group": "Not applicable: no group-derived evidence score",
        "historical_relation": "Not claimed",
        "decision": "Retain sense-specific semantic comparison; Not selected Featured"
      },
      {
        "chinese_form": "征",
        "reading": "zhēng",
        "chinese_layer": "Modern Mandarin, present day; historical attestations not newly dated",
        "source_unit": "sign",
        "meaning": "indication, as in 征兆/特征 (traditional 徵)",
        "semantic_fit": "High within indication sense",
        "phonetic_fit": "Low; no sound-based selection",
        "structural_fit": "Sense-specific comparison; not a universal transformation",
        "evidence_status": "Mediated online lexical support; mainland print entry Pending",
        "source_refs": [
          "FS-ZDIC-征",
          "FS-SIGN"
        ],
        "consonant_group": "Not applicable: no group-derived evidence score",
        "historical_relation": "Not claimed",
        "decision": "Retain sense-specific semantic comparison; Not selected Featured"
      }
    ],
    "controls": [
      "Smoke may be a sign of fire without being a designed symbol.",
      "Sign your name requires 签名, not a blanket substitution with 象 or 符.",
      "cognition/ign/ogn spelling is not evidence that cognoscere is an ancestor of sign."
    ],
    "rejected": [
      "ign/ogn as an established shared sign/cognition root",
      "象 as a whole-word equivalent for every sense"
    ],
    "pending": [
      "Featured Mapping: Pending",
      "Mainland large print dictionaries: specific edition/entry/page not directly obtained; Pending",
      "Historical Chinese pronunciation and dating: not inferred from modern pinyin"
    ],
    "shortlist": [
      "记",
      "标",
      "符"
    ],
    "historical_relation": "Not claimed"
  },
  "legacy_migration": {
    "version": "final-structural-0.1",
    "baseline_commit": "c0cab379544cc6f55db6daecb6e3a694347415e9",
    "previous_fields": {
      "primary_mapping": {
        "mapping_id": "MAP-sign-primary",
        "source": {
          "language": "English",
          "word": "sign",
          "pronunciation": "/saɪn/"
        },
        "target": {
          "language": "Chinese",
          "word": "符号／标记",
          "pronunciation": "fúhào / biāojì"
        },
        "gloss": {
          "en": "a mark, token or gesture that conveys meaning",
          "zh-Hans": "传达意义的符号、标记或动作"
        },
        "meaning": {
          "en": "a mark, token or gesture that conveys meaning. This ordinary mapping is independent from the author's cross-language sound/root hypothesis.",
          "zh-Hans": "传达意义的符号、标记或动作。普通词义 Mapping 与作者跨语言声音／词根假说独立。"
        },
        "mapping_type": "Standard lexical/semantic mapping with separately graded research hypothesis",
        "rationale": {
          "en": "The primary mapping follows ordinary meaning; historical and phonetic claims are evaluated on separate tracks.",
          "zh-Hans": "主要 Mapping 依据普通词义；历史关系与语音主张在独立轨道评价。"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "Historical": {
          "status": "Established",
          "confidence": "High",
          "summary": {
            "en": "Sign belongs to the Latin signum/signare ‘mark, token’ family. Cognitive/cognition belongs to Latin cognoscere/cognitio ‘know, knowledge’, with the gnosc-/gno- KNOW family. These are separate historical clusters.",
            "zh-Hans": "sign 属拉丁语 signum／signare“标记、符号”词族；cognitive／cognition 属拉丁语 cognoscere／cognitio“认识、知识”及 gnosc-／gno- KNOW 词族。两者是不同的历史簇。"
          },
          "items": [
            {
              "evidence_id": "HIST-SIGN-001",
              "claim": {
                "en": "Sign belongs to the Latin signum/signare ‘mark, token’ family. Cognitive/cognition belongs to Latin cognoscere/cognitio ‘know, knowledge’, with the gnosc-/gno- KNOW family. These are separate historical clusters.",
                "zh-Hans": "sign 属拉丁语 signum／signare“标记、符号”词族；cognitive／cognition 属拉丁语 cognoscere／cognitio“认识、知识”及 gnosc-／gno- KNOW 词族。两者是不同的历史簇。"
              },
              "status": "Established",
              "confidence": "High",
              "source_refs": [
                "REF-MW-SIGN",
                "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
                "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
              ]
            },
            {
              "evidence_id": "HIST-SIGN-CORRECTION-002",
              "claim": {
                "en": "signum and cognoscere are not merged into one root; ign/ogn are treated as an authorial consonantal-skeleton hypothesis only.",
                "zh-Hans": "不把 signum 与 cognoscere 合并成一个词根；ign／ogn 只作为作者辅音骨架假说保留。"
              },
              "status": "Established",
              "confidence": "High",
              "source_refs": [
                "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
                "REF-MW-SIGN",
                "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
                "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-MW-SIGN",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
          ]
        },
        "Phonetic-Semantic": {
          "status": "Candidate",
          "confidence": "Low",
          "summary": {
            "en": "The written sequences ign/ogn/gn are not interchangeable morphemes. In sign the g is silent in the modern base form, while cognitive has /gn/ distributed by its Latin morphology and modern pronunciation.",
            "zh-Hans": "书写序列 ign／ogn／gn 不是可互换语素；现代 sign 的 g 不发音，而 cognitive 中相关字母受拉丁形态和现代读音制约。"
          },
          "items": [
            {
              "evidence_id": "PHONSEM-SIGN-001",
              "claim": {
                "en": "The written sequences ign/ogn/gn are not interchangeable morphemes. In sign the g is silent in the modern base form, while cognitive has /gn/ distributed by its Latin morphology and modern pronunciation.",
                "zh-Hans": "书写序列 ign／ogn／gn 不是可互换语素；现代 sign 的 g 不发音，而 cognitive 中相关字母受拉丁形态和现代读音制约。"
              },
              "status": "Candidate",
              "confidence": "Low",
              "source_refs": [
                "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
                "REF-MW-SIGN",
                "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
                "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
            "REF-MW-SIGN",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
          ]
        },
        "Cognitive": {
          "status": "Interpretive",
          "confidence": "Medium",
          "summary": {
            "en": "A sign can cue recognition and knowledge, so SIGN/MARK → RECOGNIZE → KNOW is a legitimate semantic bridge, not an etymology.",
            "zh-Hans": "符号可触发辨认与认知，因此 SIGN／MARK → RECOGNIZE → KNOW 是合理语义桥，而不是词源链。"
          },
          "items": [
            {
              "evidence_id": "COG-SIGN-001",
              "claim": {
                "en": "A sign can cue recognition and knowledge, so SIGN/MARK → RECOGNIZE → KNOW is a legitimate semantic bridge, not an etymology.",
                "zh-Hans": "符号可触发辨认与认知，因此 SIGN／MARK → RECOGNIZE → KNOW 是合理语义桥，而不是词源链。"
              },
              "status": "Interpretive",
              "confidence": "Medium",
              "source_refs": [
                "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW"
          ]
        },
        "Speculative": {
          "status": "Candidate",
          "confidence": "Low",
          "summary": {
            "en": "signum and cognoscere are not merged into one root; ign/ogn are treated as an authorial consonantal-skeleton hypothesis only.",
            "zh-Hans": "不把 signum 与 cognoscere 合并成一个词根；ign／ogn 只作为作者辅音骨架假说保留。"
          },
          "items": [
            {
              "evidence_id": "SPEC-SIGN-001",
              "claim": {
                "en": "signum and cognoscere are not merged into one root; ign/ogn are treated as an authorial consonantal-skeleton hypothesis only.",
                "zh-Hans": "不把 signum 与 cognoscere 合并成一个词根；ign／ogn 只作为作者辅音骨架假说保留。"
              },
              "status": "Candidate",
              "confidence": "High",
              "source_refs": [
                "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
                "REF-MW-SIGN",
                "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
                "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "source_refs": [
            "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
            "REF-MW-SIGN",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
            "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF"
          ]
        }
      },
      "semantic_structure": {
        "concepts": [
          "SIGN",
          "MARK",
          "KNOW",
          "COGNITION",
          "RECOGNITION"
        ],
        "relation": "SIGN → MARK → KNOW → COGNITION → RECOGNITION",
        "status": "Interpretive"
      },
      "semantic_associations": [
        {
          "association_id": "ASSOC-SIGN-001",
          "relation": "SIGN → MARK → KNOW → COGNITION → RECOGNITION",
          "status": "Interpretive",
          "is_etymological": false
        }
      ],
      "references": [
        {
          "reference_id": "REF-JL-SIGN-RAW",
          "title": "Jinkai Liu: sign source/raw research note",
          "type": "author research note",
          "url": null,
          "path": null,
          "provenance": "author-provided in conversation; preserved independently from evaluation"
        },
        {
          "reference_id": "REF-MW-SIGN",
          "title": "Merriam-Webster Dictionary: sign",
          "type": "dictionary",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sign",
          "path": null,
          "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
        },
        {
          "reference_id": "REF-CNRTL-COGNITION",
          "title": "CNRTL/TLFi: étymologie de cognition",
          "type": "historical dictionary",
          "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/cognition",
          "path": null,
          "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
        },
        {
          "reference_id": "REF-CNRTL-COGNITIF",
          "title": "CNRTL/TLFi: étymologie de cognitif",
          "type": "historical dictionary",
          "url": "https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/cognitif",
          "path": null,
          "provenance": "external lexicographic reference; accessed 2026-09-01"
        }
      ],
      "editorial_notes": [
        {
          "en": "Batch disposition: Candidate. Priority score 89.6/100 is editorial triage, not a scientific measurement.",
          "zh-Hans": "批次归类：Candidate。优先分 89.6/100 仅用于编辑分流，不是科学测量。"
        },
        {
          "en": "signum and cognoscere are not merged into one root; ign/ogn are treated as an authorial consonantal-skeleton hypothesis only.",
          "zh-Hans": "不把 signum 与 cognoscere 合并成一个词根；ign／ogn 只作为作者辅音骨架假说保留。"
        }
      ],
      "search_terms": [
        "sign",
        "signe",
        "signal",
        "signature",
        "cognitive",
        "cognition",
        "recognize",
        "recognition",
        "认知",
        "认识",
        "符号",
        "标记",
        "ign",
        "ogn",
        "gnoscere"
      ],
      "page": null
    },
    "previously_absent_fields": [
      "standard_translation",
      "featured_mapping_status",
      "research_candidate_discovery"
    ]
  }
}