# Final Tier D Batch 2 — Focused Review / Editorial Freeze Date: 2026-09-20. Baseline: c0cab379544cc6f55db6daecb6e3a694347415e9. Focused review by Codex under Jinkai Liu’s conditional authorization to migrate Ready entries. This is not a claim of a second human approval of new findings. Existing schema retained. |Entry|Primary type|Featured|Decision| |---|---|---|---| |FORM|Transformation / Structural-Semantic|Pending|Ready to migrate with Pending layer| |SIGN|Transformation / Symbolic|Pending|Ready to migrate with Pending layer| |PRESS|Transformation / Structural-Semantic|Pending|Ready to migrate with Pending layer| |ABOVE|Space Protocol Primitive|Pending|Ready to migrate with Pending layer| |LIGHT|Literary with independent lexical / hypothesis layers|Pending|Ready to migrate with Pending layer| ## FORM Standard: 形状 / 形式 / 结构；form a shape = 形成 / 塑造（依义项） Latin forma → Anglo-French furme/forme → Middle English forme → English form. Farm instead follows ferme/fermer ← Latin firmare/firmus; it is not a stage in this form lineage. 形 xíng = shape; 型 xíng = model/mould; 式 shì = pattern/format; 体 tǐ = body or mode in a specific construction. No single character covers all senses. Abstract → Concrete → Shape → Structure is an illustrative design operation, NOT a historical chronology or a universal semantic law. **Comparisons** - 形 xíng: shape / visible form; semantic fit High; phonetic Low. - 型 xíng: model / mould / type; semantic fit High within model sense; phonetic Low. - 式 shì: pattern / prescribed format; semantic fit High within pattern sense; phonetic Low. - 体 tǐ: body / mode / organized whole; semantic fit Limited; construction-dependent; phonetic Low. **Counterinterpretation** - A tax form is a 表格, not simply 形. - A form of government concerns organization; a human form concerns shape. - farm/form resemblance does not override their separately documented immediate sources. **Rejected / retained as Raw** - farm as historical ancestor of form; preserved as Raw Research observation **Sources** - [FORM](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/form) - [FARM](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/farm) ## SIGN Standard: 标记 / 符号 / 迹象；sign a name = 签名（依义项） Noun: Latin signum → Anglo-French signe → Middle English signe → sign. Verb: Latin signare, derived from signum, → Anglo-French signer → English sign. Cognition follows Latin cognitio; the observed ign/ogn strings do not establish a shared root here. Deeper signum etymology remains uncertain. 标 biāo / 记 jì: mark; 符 fú: conventional symbol; 征 zhēng (徵): indication. 象 xiàng is a representation comparison, not a universal translation. Concept → Mark → Symbol → Meaning models a representation/interpretation task. It is NOT the historical order of sign senses. **Comparisons** - 记 jì: mark / notation in 记号; not every remembering sense; semantic fit Limited; phonetic Low. - 标 biāo: mark / identifying marker; semantic fit High within mark sense; phonetic Low. - 符 fú: conventional symbol, as in 符号; semantic fit High within symbol sense; phonetic Low. - 象 xiàng: representation / image; semantic fit Limited; not every sign is an image; phonetic Low. - 征 zhēng: indication, as in 征兆/特征 (traditional 徵); semantic fit High within indication sense; phonetic Low. **Counterinterpretation** - Smoke may be a sign of fire without being a designed symbol. - Sign your name requires 签名, not a blanket substitution with 象 or 符. - cognition/ign/ogn spelling is not evidence that cognoscere is an ancestor of sign. **Rejected / retained as Raw** - ign/ogn as an established shared sign/cognition root - 象 as a whole-word equivalent for every sense **Sources** - [SIGN](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sign) - [COGNITION](https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/cognitions) ## PRESS Standard: 按 / 压；催促 / 逼迫（依语境）；本条聚焦施力动词 Latin premere / its frequentative pressare → Anglo-French presser → English press. French pression is a related nominal branch, not an obligatory ancestor. The enlistment homograph (press into service) has a separate prest history and is outside this selected lexical identity. 按 àn / 压 yā compare hand contact and applied pressure. Force, pressure and compression are related but are not interchangeable physical quantities or outcomes. 压 yā / 逼 bī / 催 cuī compare constraint and urging by sense. Physical Force → Constraint / Urgency is an interpretive transformation, NOT verified chronology or necessary causation. **Comparisons** - 压 yā: apply pressure / constrain; not yà in 压根儿; semantic fit High within pressure sense; phonetic Low. - 按 àn: press with the hand / hold down; semantic fit High within contact sense; phonetic Low. - 逼 bī: compel / constrain; semantic fit High within coercion sense; phonetic Low. - 催 cuī: urge / hurry; semantic fit High within urgency sense; phonetic Low. **Counterinterpretation** - CNRTL records an abstract presser attestation around 1160 and a fruit-compressing use around 1200; those attestations do not support a simple physical-first French chronology. - Press the button does not entail fear or urgency. - peur/怕 concerns fear, not the lexical meaning or ancestry of press. **Rejected / retained as Raw** - peur / 怕 as the historical basis of press - physical → abstract as a demonstrated strict chronology **Sources** - [PRESS](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/press) - [PRESSER](https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/presser) - [PRESSION](https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/pression) ## ABOVE Standard: 在……上方 / 高于 / 超过（依关系与语境） Old English abufan (a- + bufan; bufan from be- + ufan) → Middle English above/aboven → above. Over is a related Germanic comparison, not an intervening ancestor. ABOVE(x,y) compares x with a reference y: 在……之上 / 高于. 上 shàng is a sense-specific comparison; Mandarin construction matters. Interface to SPACE / UP / DOWN / RELATION: ABOVE is a relative-position relation; UP may indicate direction. Protocol relation ≠ historical etymology. OVER is not interchangeable in every construction. **Comparisons** - 上 shàng: higher location; not shǎng tone category; semantic fit High within spatial sense; phonetic Low. - 在……之上 zài…zhī shàng: relative higher location; semantic fit High within relation; phonetic Low. - 高于 gāoyú: higher than; selected scalar comparisons; semantic fit High within comparison; phonetic Low. **Counterinterpretation** - A lamp above a table need not touch it; a book on the table may do so. - above suspicion is not a literal higher coordinate. - UP direction and ABOVE relative position are not the same grammatical operation. **Rejected / retained as Raw** - above → over → 上 as a historical ancestry chain - forced phonetic winner **Sources** - [ABOVE](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/above) ## LIGHT Standard: 光 / 光亮（brightness noun；不含“重量轻”同形词） English light (brightness) ← Middle English light ← Old English lēoht/līht, inherited Germanic; deeper reconstructed *leuk- family. French lumière ← Christian Latin luminaria (plural of luminare), related to lumen. Latin lux is a related family member, NOT an intermediate ancestor of lumière. Chinese 籁 has its own instrument/sound senses. English light → 光 guāng is the brightness sense. French lumière is a separate Romance form; lux is related, not a link inserted into its derivation. light /laɪt/ ↔ 籁 lài: limited segmental resemblance, English final /t/ and Mandarin tone differ; brightness and sound differ. lumière /ly.mjɛʁ/ ↔ 籁 is weaker. L→光 remains Untested / Pending; poetry is motivation, not a result. 《如光天籁》 by Jinkai Liu remains Author’s Literary / Semantic Creation. LIGHT ↔ SOUND / MUSIC is free artistic interpretation, not historical or experimental evidence. **Comparisons** - 光 guāng: light / brightness; semantic fit High: standard semantic mapping; phonetic Low. - 籁 lài: instrument / sound, as in 天籁 / 万籁; semantic fit Low lexical; interpretive cross-modal bridge; phonetic Low. Exception: light↔籁 has limited segmental resemblance, but low lexical fit; lumière↔籁 remains low phonetic fit. Neither is Featured. **Counterinterpretation** - 籁 denotes instrument/sound, not the normal Chinese word for visible light. - light has final /t/; lài has lexical tone. lumière has a different syllable structure and vowels. - English light and French/Latin light words are not independent positive trials once family membership is controlled. **Rejected / retained as Raw** - lux as an intermediate ancestor of lumière - poetry as historical or experimental proof - lumière ↔ 籁 as a strong phonetic match **Sources** - [LIGHT](https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=light) - [LUMIERE](https://www.dictionnaire-academie.fr/article/A9L1339) - [LAROUSSE](https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/lumi%C3%A8re/48043) ## Evidence limits and implementation boundary Chinese modern readings and narrowly scoped senses use the basic/detailed entries of [汉典](https://zdic.net). No Taiwan 國語辭典 section is promoted to mainland evidence. Mainland print editions, pages, earliest attestations and historical readings remain Pending. Online citations are mediated support, not fabricated paper verification. All cross-language Historical Relation = Not claimed. The active LIGHT evidence bundle removes lux from the linear chain; its previous track and the original canonical entry remain archived. The complete literary section is preserved verbatim and tested by hash. Hypotheses and experiment stay Untested. No schema extension or new pipeline. Only these five canonical records change.