Site-wide Research Convention · 全站研究规范

Evidence & References

证据与引文

Rule

Readers must be able to tell what an external source establishes and what Unilanguage proposes.

原则

读者必须能够判断：哪些内容由外部来源确立，哪些内容由 Unilanguage 提出。

Required Evidence Separation · 必须区分的证据类别

External established evidence · 外部已确立证据

Historical / Etymological Evidence · 历史／词源证据

Etymological dictionaries, historical dictionaries, historical linguistics research, corpora and primary sources. Factual claims that depend on these sources receive inline numbered citations such as [1].

包括词源词典、历史词典、历史语言学研究、语料库与原始文献。依赖来源的事实性主张使用 [1] 等正文编号引文。

Optional source category · 可选来源类别

Cultural Sources | 文化资料

Documented mythology, literature, songs, religious texts, folklore and ethnographic sources may support claims about cultural association, usage, semantic change or lexicalization. Verify specific mythological or religious claims against a traceable source before presenting them as external evidence.

有记录的神话、文学、歌曲、宗教文本、民俗与民族志资料，可以支持关于文化关联、用法、语义变化或词汇化的主张。具体神话或宗教主张在作为外部证据呈现前，必须通过可追溯来源核验。

Unilanguage Analysis / Proposed Mapping · Unilanguage 分析／拟议映射

Project interpretation

Cross-language resemblance, phonetic–semantic association, cognitive comparison or proposed protocol mapping. Label it explicitly; never present it as established etymology merely because an external source supports a nearby fact.

包括跨语言相似、语音—语义关联、认知比较或拟议协议映射。必须明确标注；不能因为外部来源支持邻近事实，就把拟议映射写成已确立词源。

Required distinction · 必须区分： Historical / Etymological Evidence ≠ Cultural Association. Cultural examples may document semantic association and development, but they do not by themselves prove common etymology, descent or origin. · 历史／词源证据 ≠ 文化关联。文化案例可以记录语义关联与发展，但它们本身不能证明共同词源、继承关系或共同起源。

Reusable Page Template · 可复用页面模板

Evidence & References · 证据与引文

Established Evidence · 已确立证据
Factual claim with inline citation [1]. · 带正文编号引文的事实性主张 [1]。

Cultural Sources | 文化资料 (optional · 可选)
Verified cultural source, the claim it supports and whether it documents association, usage, semantic change or lexicalization. · 已核验的文化来源、它支持的主张，以及它记录的是关联、用法、语义变化还是词汇化。

Unilanguage Analysis / Proposed Mapping · Unilanguage 分析／拟议映射
Proposed mapping, mapping level, hypothesis status, limitations and alternatives. · 拟议映射、映射层级、假说状态、限制与替代解释。

References · 参考文献
[1] Author or institution. Title. Edition or publication, year. Stable URL and access date when applicable.

Use in future pages · 未来页面用途： Protocol/ULP, Language Book, Hypothesis and experiment pages should use this structure. Existing pages will be retrofitted gradually; this convention does not silently alter their substantive claims. · 协议／ULP、语言书、假说与实验页面今后统一采用该结构。现有页面逐步补齐；本规范不会悄然改变原有实质性主张。

Source Quality and Claim Placement · 来源质量与主张位置

Prefer primary and authoritative sources · 优先原始与权威来源

Use primary texts, historical dictionaries and scholarly publications for important historical claims. General dictionaries and collaborative references may assist navigation but should not be the sole support for a consequential claim.

Cite where the claim appears · 在主张处引用

Place [1], [2] beside the relevant factual sentence, then provide complete bibliographic details in the References list. A detached list of links is not enough.

Record uncertainty · 记录不确定性

Mark disputed, tentative or limited evidence, and keep counterevidence visible.

Preserve the chain · 保留证据链

Source → Observation → Mapping → Hypothesis → Experiment → Evaluation → Protocol