FIGURE
Language Book · Second-Pipeline Pilot · Jinkai Liu
FIGURE
Standard Meaning / Identity
形态 / 形象 / 图示 / 数字 / 人物；figure out = 弄清 / 想出 / 解决。
Featured Mapping: Pending
Evidence Status: Candidate · C (entry mapping only). Featured selection is editorial, not an evidence grade. Pending is a valid research result.
SENSES
形 xíng: shape; 图 tú: diagram; 象 xiàng: representation; 数 shù: number; person: 人物; bodily figure: 身形/身材/人形.
Interpretive · Historical Relation: Not claimed
TRANSFORMATION
Concept → Representation → Geometry → Symbol: an illustrative transformation task, NOT historical chronology or a validated universal sequence.
Interpretive · Historical Relation: Not claimed
Evidence boundaries / 证据边界
Counterinterpretation: Modern senses need not follow one sequence. Figure/finger resemblance does not establish a historical family; representations may be ambiguous.
Featured Mapping: Pending. Mainland printed entries, sense dates, comprehension/structure-recovery experiments remain Pending.
Historical Relation: Not claimed. Literary / cultural / transformation / experimental / proper-name layers are independently scoped; schema validity is not evidence validity.
Research / Evidence / Counterinterpretation
- Jinkai Liu: figure source/raw research note · REF-JL-FIGURE-RAW
- CNRTL/TLFi: étymologie de figure · REF-CNRTL-FIGURE
- Merriam-Webster Dictionary: finger · REF-MW-FINGER
{
"evidence": {
"Historical": {
"status": "Established",
"confidence": "High",
"summary": {
"en": "Figure comes through French/Latin figura ‘form, shape, representation’, related to Latin fingere ‘shape’. Finger is inherited Germanic (Old English finger and cognates). No figure–finger historical family is established.",
"zh-Hans": "figure 经法语／拉丁语 figura“形式、形状、表象”而来，与拉丁语 fingere“塑造”相关；finger 是继承的日耳曼词（古英语 finger 及其同源词）。没有建立 figure–finger 历史词族。"
},
"items": [
{
"evidence_id": "HIST-FIGURE-001",
"claim": {
"en": "Figure comes through French/Latin figura ‘form, shape, representation’, related to Latin fingere ‘shape’. Finger is inherited Germanic (Old English finger and cognates). No figure–finger historical family is established.",
"zh-Hans": "figure 经法语／拉丁语 figura“形式、形状、表象”而来，与拉丁语 fingere“塑造”相关；finger 是继承的日耳曼词（古英语 finger 及其同源词）。没有建立 figure–finger 历史词族。"
},
"status": "Established",
"confidence": "High",
"source_refs": [
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
},
{
"evidence_id": "HIST-FIGURE-CORRECTION-002",
"claim": {
"en": "The user observation is preserved as a modern-form/cognitive candidate, not cognacy.",
"zh-Hans": "用户观察保留为现代词形／认知候选，不标为同源。"
},
"status": "Established",
"confidence": "High",
"source_refs": [
"REF-JL-FIGURE-RAW",
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
}
],
"source_refs": [
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
},
"Phonetic-Semantic": {
"status": "Candidate",
"confidence": "Low",
"summary": {
"en": "figure and finger share the visible fig-/fi-g sequence but differ in consonant order, pronunciation and history.",
"zh-Hans": "figure 与 finger 共享可见的 fig-／fi-g 字母序列，但辅音顺序、读音与词史不同。"
},
"items": [
{
"evidence_id": "PHONSEM-FIGURE-001",
"claim": {
"en": "figure and finger share the visible fig-/fi-g sequence but differ in consonant order, pronunciation and history.",
"zh-Hans": "figure 与 finger 共享可见的 fig-／fi-g 字母序列，但辅音顺序、读音与词史不同。"
},
"status": "Candidate",
"confidence": "Low",
"source_refs": [
"REF-JL-FIGURE-RAW",
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
}
],
"source_refs": [
"REF-JL-FIGURE-RAW",
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
},
"Cognitive": {
"status": "Interpretive",
"confidence": "Medium",
"summary": {
"en": "A finger can point to or trace a figure, creating a useful action-object mnemonic; NUMBER is one sense of figure, not its sole meaning.",
"zh-Hans": "手指可指向或描画图形，形成动作—对象记忆联想；NUMBER 只是 figure 的一个义项。"
},
"items": [
{
"evidence_id": "COG-FIGURE-001",
"claim": {
"en": "A finger can point to or trace a figure, creating a useful action-object mnemonic; NUMBER is one sense of figure, not its sole meaning.",
"zh-Hans": "手指可指向或描画图形，形成动作—对象记忆联想；NUMBER 只是 figure 的一个义项。"
},
"status": "Interpretive",
"confidence": "Medium",
"source_refs": [
"REF-JL-FIGURE-RAW"
]
}
],
"source_refs": [
"REF-JL-FIGURE-RAW"
]
},
"Speculative": {
"status": "Candidate",
"confidence": "Low",
"summary": {
"en": "The user observation is preserved as a modern-form/cognitive candidate, not cognacy.",
"zh-Hans": "用户观察保留为现代词形／认知候选，不标为同源。"
},
"items": [
{
"evidence_id": "SPEC-FIGURE-001",
"claim": {
"en": "The user observation is preserved as a modern-form/cognitive candidate, not cognacy.",
"zh-Hans": "用户观察保留为现代词形／认知候选，不标为同源。"
},
"status": "Candidate",
"confidence": "High",
"source_refs": [
"REF-JL-FIGURE-RAW",
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
}
],
"source_refs": [
"REF-JL-FIGURE-RAW",
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
}
},
"hypotheses": [
{
"hypothesis_id": "UNI-FIGURE-001",
"type": "Original author phonetic-semantic / consonantal-skeleton hypothesis",
"claim": {
"en": "The author's comparison around figure数字，finger; may support a mnemonic or semantic association without establishing common origin.",
"zh-Hans": "作者观察“figure数字，finger。”可作为记忆或语义联想，但不建立共同来源。"
},
"status": "Candidate",
"confidence": "Low",
"supporting_cases": [
"figure",
"figurer",
"figurative",
"finger",
"数字"
],
"counterexamples": [
"The user observation is preserved as a modern-form/cognitive candidate, not cognacy.",
"No regular cross-language sound correspondence has been demonstrated."
],
"testability": {
"en": "Test sound similarity and semantic fit separately with blinded ratings, explicit negative controls and historical-source review.",
"zh-Hans": "用盲法评分、明确负对照与独立词源核验分别检验声音相似度和语义适配。"
},
"experiment_link": null,
"source_refs": [
"REF-JL-FIGURE-RAW",
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
}
],
"experiments": [],
"related_words": [
{
"word": "figura / fingere",
"language": "Latin",
"relationship_type": "Historical source family",
"family": "figura ← fingere",
"relation_to_entry": {
"en": "Documented historical relation within the stated family.",
"zh-Hans": "在所列词族内有文献支持的历史关系。"
},
"status": "Established",
"source_refs": [
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
},
{
"word": "figurative / figurer",
"language": "English/French",
"relationship_type": "Etymological derivative",
"family": "Latin figura / figurare",
"relation_to_entry": {
"en": "Documented historical relation within the stated family.",
"zh-Hans": "在所列词族内有文献支持的历史关系。"
},
"status": "Established",
"source_refs": [
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
},
{
"word": "finger",
"language": "English",
"relationship_type": "Surface similarity / cognitive association",
"family": "Germanic inherited word",
"relation_to_entry": {
"en": "Comparison or association only; not a historical derivation.",
"zh-Hans": "仅作比较或联想；不是历史派生关系。"
},
"status": "Interpretive",
"source_refs": [
"REF-JL-FIGURE-RAW",
"REF-CNRTL-FIGURE",
"REF-MW-FINGER"
]
}
],
"source": {
"type": "author-provided raw research note",
"author": "Jinkai Liu",
"status": "Preserved; claims independently classified above",
"normalization": "Spelling and punctuation normalized only in evaluated fields; raw note retained verbatim here.",
"raw_note": "figure数字，finger。"
},
"legacy_migration": {
"version": "second-pipeline-0.1",
"baseline_commit": "f35857436a743045645c1e8f06afb932bbc4db63",
"previous_fields": {
"semantic_associations": [
{
"association_id": "ASSOC-FIGURE-001",
"relation": "SHAPE → REPRESENTATION → NUMBER → BODY PART → POINTING",
"status": "Interpretive",
"is_etymological": false
}
],
"editorial_notes": [
{
"en": "Batch disposition: Candidate. Priority score 86.8/100 is editorial triage, not a scientific measurement.",
"zh-Hans": "批次归类：Candidate。优先分 86.8/100 仅用于编辑分流，不是科学测量。"
},
{
"en": "The user observation is preserved as a modern-form/cognitive candidate, not cognacy.",
"zh-Hans": "用户观察保留为现代词形／认知候选，不标为同源。"
}
],
"page": null,
"semantic_structure": {
"concepts": [
"SHAPE",
"REPRESENTATION",
"NUMBER",
"BODY PART",
"POINTING"
],
"relation": "SHAPE → REPRESENTATION → NUMBER → BODY PART → POINTING",
"status": "Interpretive"
}
},
"previously_absent_fields": [
"standard_translation",
"featured_mapping_status"
]
}
}