Unilanguage Translation Protocol Laboratory · 共通语言翻译协议实验室
Sky · UTP Lab
Translation Evaluation and Meaning Reconstruction · 翻译评测与意义重构
Version 1.1 · Complete Bilingual Evaluation · 完整英汉双语评测版 · 2026-08-07
English
This laboratory tests how the meaning of sky is preserved, changed or lost across ordinary, literary, cosmological and experimental translations.
中文
本实验室检验 sky 在日常、文学、宇宙观及实验性翻译中，意义如何被保留、改变或丢失。
01
Translation Task · 翻译任务
English
Given an occurrence of sky, identify the active semantic features and choose a Chinese expression that reconstructs the intended meaning, register and cultural frame.
中文
面对具体语境中的 sky，先识别其被激活的语义特征，再选择能够重构原意、语体与文化框架的汉语表达。
INPUT → CONTEXT → ACTIVE FEATURES → CANDIDATE TRANSLATIONS →
EVALUATION → OUTPUT
输入 → 语境 → 激活特征 → 候选译法 → 评估 →
输出
02
Literal Translation Baseline · 字面翻译基线
| Candidate · 候选 | Primary value · 主要价值 | Risk · 风险 |
|---|---|---|
| 天空 | neutral everyday visible sky · 中性日常可见天空 | may weaken religious or poetic force · 可能削弱宗教或诗性力量 |
| 天 | compact; idiomatic; cosmological · 简洁、自然、可带宇宙观 | may also mean day, heaven or fate · 也可能表示日、天界或命运 |
| 昊 | vast literary sky · 广大、文学性的天空 | rare and register-specific · 生僻且语体受限 |
| 苍穹／穹苍 | poetic vault and vastness · 诗性穹隆与辽阔 | too elevated for ordinary prose · 日常语境中可能过于华丽 |
| 穹盖 | vaulted-cover metaphor · 穹隆覆盖隐喻 | requires an activated cover image · 必须有覆盖意象 |
| 盖 | Collanguage experimental mapping · Collanguage 实验映射 | not a standard standalone translation of sky · 不是 sky 的标准单独译法 |
03
Semantic Feature Analysis · 语义特征分析
ABOVE · 上方
position over the observer
位于观察者上方
OPEN SPACE · 开放空间
visible expanse without ordinary walls
没有普通墙壁的可见广阔空间
VAULT / COVER · 穹隆／覆盖
an imagined canopy over the earth
想象中覆盖大地的穹盖
HEAVEN / FATE · 天界／命运
religious, philosophical or personified heaven
宗教、哲学或人格化的“天”
FREEDOM · 自由
openness projected into a non-spatial domain
开放性投射到非空间领域
BOUNDARY · 边界
the upper limit of an imagined world
想象世界的上方界限
04
Context Tests · 语境测试
| Source · 原句 | Recommended translation · 推荐译文 | Reason · 理由 |
|---|---|---|
| The sky is blue. | 天空是蓝色的。 | neutral visible phenomenon · 中性可见现象 |
| Birds crossed the sky. | 鸟群飞过天空／天际。 | movement through visible upper space · 穿过可见上方空间 |
| Under the open sky. | 在露天之下／在苍穹之下。 | choice depends on practical or literary register · 取决于实用或文学语体 |
| The sky watched over them. | 苍天俯视着他们。 | personified or moral heaven · 人格化或道德化的天 |
| The sky covered the fields like a tent. | 天如穹庐，笼盖四野。 | cover metaphor is explicit · 覆盖隐喻明确 |
| The sky is the limit. | 没有上限／一切皆有可能。 | translate the idiomatic meaning, not the object · 翻译习语意义而不是物体 |
05
Mapping Evaluation: sky ↔ 盖 · 映射评估
English
The hypothesis combines two forms of evidence: partial phonetic resemblance and the semantic metaphor SKY AS COVER. It is stronger than a sound-only association but remains insufficient for a historical cognacy claim.
中文
该假说结合两类证据：部分语音相似，以及“天空如覆盖物”的语义隐喻。它比单纯的声音联想更有结构，但仍不足以证明历史同源。
| Dimension · 维度 | Observation · 观察 | Score · 评分 |
|---|---|---|
| Literal equivalence · 字面对应 | 盖 is not the ordinary dictionary equivalent of sky · “盖”不是 sky 的日常词典对应 | 1 / 5 |
| Semantic structure · 语义结构 | ABOVE–COVER–BOUNDARY relation is coherent · 上方—覆盖—边界关系连贯 | 4 / 5 |
| Phonetic resemblance · 语音相似 | /aɪ/ and velar stops are comparable; /s/, voicing and tone are unmatched · /aɪ/ 与软腭塞音可比；/s/、清浊和声调未对应 | 3 / 5 |
| Historical evidence · 历史证据 | independent documented histories; no demonstrated contact chain · 各有独立历史；未证明传播链 | 0 / 5 |
| Cultural explanatory value · 文化解释价值 | supported by Gaitian and literary cover imagery · 可由盖天说和文学覆盖意象说明 | 4 / 5 |
UTP result · 评测结论： Experimental, medium semantic similarity · 实验性，中等语义相似度
06
Evidence Layers · 证据分层
Lexical evidence · 词汇证据
sky → 天空 is established as an ordinary translation.
sky → 天空 是已经确立的日常翻译。
Etymological evidence · 词源证据
English sky and Chinese 盖 have separate documented histories.
英语 sky 与汉语“盖”各自拥有独立的文献历史。
Semantic evidence · 语义证据
Cover and vault metaphors provide a testable conceptual relation.
覆盖与穹隆隐喻提供可检验的概念关系。
Cultural evidence · 文化证据
Gaitian and the Song of Chile show a Chinese sky-as-cover image.
盖天说与《敕勒歌》表现了中国文化中的“天空如盖”意象。
Yijing classification · 易经分类
Qian is an experimental structural classification, not an etymology.
乾卦属于实验性结构分类，不是词源。
Scientific description · 科学说明
Atmospheric science and ancient cosmology must remain distinct.
现代大气科学与古代宇宙观必须保持区分。
07
AI Comparison Protocol · AI 对比协议
English
Test each model with the same source sentences. Record model name, version, date, prompt, output, explanation and whether the system distinguishes ordinary translation from experimental mapping.
中文
使用相同原句测试每个模型，并记录模型名称、版本、日期、提示词、输出、解释，以及系统是否区分日常翻译与实验映射。
| Model · 模型 | Literal · 字面 | Metaphor · 隐喻 | Evidence boundary · 证据边界 | Status · 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model A | Pending · 待测试 | Pending · 待测试 | Pending · 待测试 | Not run · 未运行 |
| Model B | Pending · 待测试 | Pending · 待测试 | Pending · 待测试 | Not run · 未运行 |
| Human reviewer · 人工评审 | Pending · 待评审 | Pending · 待评审 | Pending · 待评审 | Open · 开放 |
08
Benchmark · 评测标准
| Criterion · 标准 | Question · 问题 | Weight · 权重 |
|---|---|---|
| Referential accuracy · 指称准确 | Does the translation identify the intended phenomenon? · 是否正确指向原对象？ | 25% |
| Semantic feature preservation · 语义特征保留 | Are active relations such as ABOVE or COVER preserved? · 是否保留上方、覆盖等激活关系？ | 25% |
| Register and style · 语体与风格 | Is the degree of literariness appropriate? · 文学程度是否合适？ | 15% |
| Cultural reconstruction · 文化重构 | Is the cultural frame conveyed without false history? · 是否传达文化框架且不制造错误历史？ | 20% |
| Evidence transparency · 证据透明 | Are fact, hypothesis and poetic reading distinguished? · 是否区分事实、假说与诗性解释？ | 15% |
09
Result · 结论
English
天空 is the default lexical translation. 天, 昊, 苍穹 and 穹盖 become preferable when context activates compactness, literary vastness, heaven or the cover metaphor. 盖 alone remains an experimental Collanguage mapping rather than a standard translation.
中文
天空是默认词义翻译；当语境激活简洁表达、文学辽阔感、天界观念或覆盖隐喻时，天、昊、苍穹和穹盖可能更加合适。单独的盖仍属于 Collanguage 实验映射，而不是标准翻译。
10
Record and Community Review · 记录与社区评审
| Evaluation ID · 评测编号 | UTP-SKY-001 |
|---|---|
| Origin · 来源 | Collanguage / Unilanguage |
| Evidence Status · 证据状态 | Mixed: Established lexical baseline + Experimental mapping · 混合：已确立词义基线＋实验性映射 |
| Review Status · 审核状态 | AI-assisted draft; controlled AI comparison and expert review pending · AI 辅助草案；等待受控 AI 对比与专家评审 |
| Version / Date | 1.1 / 2026-08-07 |