ALIMENT

ALIMENT-01 粮／糧 liáng

Historical character sense + modern reading · 古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话 · AL2/AL3

Meaning: 谷物食粮；行旅或军用给养

Semantic: 中：FOOD/PROVISIONS 子域；不覆盖所有营养物

Phonetic: 弱局部：现代 aliment 内部 /l/ 可比，粮韵母与末 /ŋ/ 不同；整词三音节不能叫同音

Group: l baseline：词内位置，不是 liment 词根 · downgrade · Priority: 2

Counterevidence: 奶、蛋也可为 aliment；“粮”不能替代所有 nourishing substance

Historical Relation: Not claimed

Mainland: Pending

ALIMENT-02 廪／廩 lǐn

Historical character sense + modern reading · 古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话 · AL2/ALV

Meaning: 粮食；官府发粮、俸米

Semantic: 中：给养具体制度义；不是所有食物/滋养

Phonetic: 弱局部：词内 /l/ 可比，/n/ 与 aliment 中 /m/ 不同；不能删余音

Group: l baseline；内部辅音 · retain-limited · Priority: 2

Counterevidence: 粮仓义排除；方言 lam5/lim3 只有聚合读音线索，未绑定给养义

Historical Relation: Not claimed

Mainland: Pending

ALIMENT-03 饵／餌 ěr

Historical character sense + modern reading · 古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话 · AL2/AL3

Meaning: 古义糕食；亦泛指食物

Semantic: 强于只理解现代诱饵，但须标古义

Phonetic: 弱：无 aliment 的 /l,m,n,t/；不提出古音近似

Group: 组外 · retain · Priority: 1

Counterevidence: 排除把现代 bait 直接等同一般营养；广义食物的原书证待核

Historical Relation: Not claimed

Mainland: Pending

ALIMENT-04 养／養 yǎng

Historical character sense + modern reading · 古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话 · AL1/ALV

Meaning: 提供生活所需、滋养

Semantic: 强：NOURISH/SUSTAIN 动词；不是名词 FOOD

Phonetic: 弱：无 /l/，韵尾不同；不作 whole-word 同音

Group: 组外 · retain · Priority: 1

Counterevidence: noun/verb 不可混用；不用 yàng 历史另一读音拼接

Historical Relation: Not claimed

Mainland: Pending

ALIMENT-05 糯 nuò

Modern Mandarin · 现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音 · AL2/AL3

Meaning: 糯性谷物（糯米等）

Semantic: 低：食物下位种类，不是给养一般义

Phonetic: 弱：/n/ 与词内 /l/ 不同；韵母和全词结构不合

Group: d-t-n-l 扩展探针：内部 /l/→n · reject · Priority: 0

Counterevidence: 物类过窄；命中分组不能弥补语义落差

Historical Relation: Not claimed

Mainland: Pending

ALIMENT-06 食 shí

Historical character sense + modern reading · 古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话 · AL2/AL3

Meaning: 食物

Semantic: 强：FOOD 的语义控制

Phonetic: 弱：无实际全词声音匹配

Group: 组外 · control · Priority: 0

Counterevidence: 固定名词 shí；不挪用 sì 饲养读音

Historical Relation: Not claimed

Mainland: Pending

ALIMENT-07 量 liáng

Modern Mandarin · 现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音 · AL2/AL3

Meaning: 测量

Semantic: 无关

Phonetic: 与粮普通话同音，仍与 aliment 只有局部 /l/ 联系

Group: l baseline · control · Priority: 0

Counterevidence: 同音不能决定语义；不采用 liàng 数量义

Historical Relation: Not claimed

Mainland: Pending

alere · NOURISH/SUPPORT

Latin · 古典拉丁语；首见未核

Chinese Mapping: Not selected

基础动词; Chinese Mapping: 养 yǎng

Source refs: TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-01

alimentum · FOOD/SUSTENANCE

Latin · 古典拉丁语；首见未核

Chinese Mapping: Candidates recorded

alere 词族 + -mentum 的名词派生; Chinese Mapping: 饵古义；粮、廪为限定义比较

derivation from AL1: alere 词族 + -mentum 的名词派生; Chinese Mapping: 饵古义；粮、廪为限定义比较

Source refs: TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-01

aliment → aliment (noun) · 营养物/食物；英语可比喻精神滋养

Middle French + English · 中古法语；英语名词15世纪起

Chinese Mapping: Pending

英语同时有法语及拉丁语借入依据，不能只画单一路线; Chinese Mapping: 饵、粮；食为控制

borrowing from AL2: 英语同时有法语及拉丁语借入依据，不能只画单一路线; Chinese Mapping: 饵、粮；食为控制

Source refs: TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-01

alimentāre → alimenter → aliment (verb) · 供给营养、维持

Late Latin → Middle French → English · 晚期拉丁语至中古法语；英语动词15世纪起

Chinese Mapping: Candidates recorded

alimentum 的另一派生/借入分支，不是英语名词之后才出现; Chinese Mapping: 养；廪的给粮义仅限制度语境; English endpoint pronunciation only, not Latin/French reconstruction.

derivation from AL2: alimentum 的另一派生/借入分支，不是英语名词之后才出现; Chinese Mapping: 养；廪的给粮义仅限制度语境; English endpoint pronunciation only, not Latin/French reconstruction.

Source refs: TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-01

廪 · candidate / reserved

Source unit: alimentum · semantic_only

Chinese layer: Historical character sense · Modern Mandarin · 古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话

lǐn [Modern Mandarin]

Semantic Fit: partial (Medium) — 中：给养具体制度义；不是所有食物/滋养

Phonetic Fit: not_evaluated (Unknown) — Historical pronunciation not frozen; not_evaluated. Modern reference only: 弱局部：词内 /l/ 可比，/n/ 与 aliment 中 /m/ 不同；不能删余音

• onset: 弱局部：词内 /l/ 可比，/n/ 与 aliment 中 /m/ 不同；不能删余音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• vowel: 弱局部：词内 /l/ 可比，/n/ 与 aliment 中 /m/ 不同；不能删余音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• coda_other_consonants: 弱局部：词内 /l/ 可比，/n/ 与 aliment 中 /m/ 不同；不能删余音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• syllables: 弱局部：词内 /l/ 可比，/n/ 与 aliment 中 /m/ 不同；不能删余音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• prosody: 弱局部：词内 /l/ 可比，/n/ 与 aliment 中 /m/ 不同；不能删余音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.

Historical Relation: Not claimed

• chinese_sense: mediated — Approved concrete online sense; mediated-HDC; print original Pending. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-03]
• comparison_inference: lead — Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-03]
• chinese_sense: pending — Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained. []

饵 · candidate / shortlisted

Source unit: alimentum · semantic_only

Chinese layer: Historical character sense · Modern Mandarin · 古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话

ěr [Modern Mandarin]

Semantic Fit: direct (Medium) — 强于只理解现代诱饵，但须标古义

Phonetic Fit: not_evaluated (Unknown) — Historical pronunciation not frozen; not_evaluated. Modern reference only: 弱：无 aliment 的 /l,m,n,t/；不提出古音近似

• onset: 弱：无 aliment 的 /l,m,n,t/；不提出古音近似; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• vowel: 弱：无 aliment 的 /l,m,n,t/；不提出古音近似; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• coda_other_consonants: 弱：无 aliment 的 /l,m,n,t/；不提出古音近似; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• syllables: 弱：无 aliment 的 /l,m,n,t/；不提出古音近似; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• prosody: 弱：无 aliment 的 /l,m,n,t/；不提出古音近似; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.

Historical Relation: Not claimed

• chinese_sense: mediated — Approved concrete online sense; mediated-HDC; print original Pending. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-04]
• comparison_inference: lead — Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-04]
• chinese_sense: pending — Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained. []

粮 · candidate / reserved

Source unit: aliment → aliment (noun) · semantic_only

Chinese layer: Historical character sense · Modern Mandarin · 古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话

liáng [Modern Mandarin]

Semantic Fit: partial (Medium) — 中：FOOD/PROVISIONS 子域；不覆盖所有营养物

Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Low / weak, modern reference only: 弱局部：现代 aliment 内部 /l/ 可比，粮韵母与末 /ŋ/ 不同；整词三音节不能叫同音

• onset: 弱局部：现代 aliment 内部 /l/ 可比，粮韵母与末 /ŋ/ 不同；整词三音节不能叫同音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• vowel: 弱局部：现代 aliment 内部 /l/ 可比，粮韵母与末 /ŋ/ 不同；整词三音节不能叫同音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• coda_other_consonants: 弱局部：现代 aliment 内部 /l/ 可比，粮韵母与末 /ŋ/ 不同；整词三音节不能叫同音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• syllables: 弱局部：现代 aliment 内部 /l/ 可比，粮韵母与末 /ŋ/ 不同；整词三音节不能叫同音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• prosody: 弱局部：现代 aliment 内部 /l/ 可比，粮韵母与末 /ŋ/ 不同；整词三音节不能叫同音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.

Historical Relation: Not claimed

• chinese_sense: mediated — Approved concrete online sense; online-entry; print original Pending. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-02]
• comparison_inference: lead — Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-02]
• chinese_sense: pending — Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained. []

糯 · candidate / rejected

Source unit: aliment → aliment (noun) · semantic_only

Chinese layer: Modern Mandarin · Modern Mandarin · 现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音

nuò [Modern Mandarin]

Semantic Fit: mismatch (Medium) — 低：食物下位种类，不是给养一般义

Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Low / weak, modern reference only: 弱：/n/ 与词内 /l/ 不同；韵母和全词结构不合

• onset: 弱：/n/ 与词内 /l/ 不同；韵母和全词结构不合; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• vowel: 弱：/n/ 与词内 /l/ 不同；韵母和全词结构不合; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• coda_other_consonants: 弱：/n/ 与词内 /l/ 不同；韵母和全词结构不合; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• syllables: 弱：/n/ 与词内 /l/ 不同；韵母和全词结构不合; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• prosody: 弱：/n/ 与词内 /l/ 不同；韵母和全词结构不合; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.

Historical Relation: Not claimed

• chinese_sense: mediated — Approved concrete online sense; online-entry; print original Pending. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-06]
• comparison_inference: lead — Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-06]
• chinese_sense: pending — Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained. []

食 · meaning_control / reserved

Source unit: aliment → aliment (noun) · semantic_only

Chinese layer: Historical character sense · Modern Mandarin · 古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话

shí [Modern Mandarin]

Semantic Fit: direct (Medium) — 强：FOOD 的语义控制

Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Low / weak, modern reference only: 弱：无实际全词声音匹配

• onset: 弱：无实际全词声音匹配; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• vowel: 弱：无实际全词声音匹配; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• coda_other_consonants: 弱：无实际全词声音匹配; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• syllables: 弱：无实际全词声音匹配; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• prosody: 弱：无实际全词声音匹配; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.

Historical Relation: Not claimed

• chinese_sense: mediated — Approved concrete online sense; online-entry; print original Pending. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-07]
• comparison_inference: lead — Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-07]
• chinese_sense: pending — Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained. []

量 · sound_control / reserved

Source unit: aliment → aliment (noun) · semantic_only

Chinese layer: Modern Mandarin · Modern Mandarin · 现代普通话（本轮2026年检索），不倒推古音

liáng [Modern Mandarin]

Semantic Fit: mismatch (Medium) — 无关

Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Low / weak, modern reference only: 与粮普通话同音，仍与 aliment 只有局部 /l/ 联系

• onset: 与粮普通话同音，仍与 aliment 只有局部 /l/ 联系; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• vowel: 与粮普通话同音，仍与 aliment 只有局部 /l/ 联系; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• coda_other_consonants: 与粮普通话同音，仍与 aliment 只有局部 /l/ 联系; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• syllables: 与粮普通话同音，仍与 aliment 只有局部 /l/ 联系; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• prosody: 与粮普通话同音，仍与 aliment 只有局部 /l/ 联系; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.

Historical Relation: Not claimed

• chinese_sense: mediated — Approved concrete online sense; online-entry; print original Pending. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-08]
• comparison_inference: lead — Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-08]
• chinese_sense: pending — Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained. []

养 · candidate / shortlisted

Source unit: alimentāre → alimenter → aliment (verb) · semantic_only

Chinese layer: Historical character sense · Modern Mandarin · 古汉语义项；首见年代未冻结；读音为现代普通话

yǎng [Modern Mandarin]

Semantic Fit: direct (Medium) — 强：NOURISH/SUSTAIN 动词；不是名词 FOOD

Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Low / weak, modern reference only: 弱：无 /l/，韵尾不同；不作 whole-word 同音

• onset: 弱：无 /l/，韵尾不同；不作 whole-word 同音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• vowel: 弱：无 /l/，韵尾不同；不作 whole-word 同音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• coda_other_consonants: 弱：无 /l/，韵尾不同；不作 whole-word 同音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• syllables: 弱：无 /l/，韵尾不同；不作 whole-word 同音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.
• prosody: 弱：无 /l/，韵尾不同；不作 whole-word 同音; historical phonetics not_evaluated; modern tone is not English stress.

Historical Relation: Not claimed

• chinese_sense: mediated — Approved concrete online sense; mediated-HDC; print original Pending. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-05]
• comparison_inference: lead — Editorial comparison; previous qualitative levels and unvalidated component scores remain in original Research fields. [TC2-ALIMENT-SRC-05]
• chinese_sense: pending — Mainland print original, edition/page and earliest attestation not obtained. []