Language Book · Author: Jinkai Liu
Standard Translation: 天空
Featured Mapping: 盖 gài
Limited Cognitive / Phonetic-Semantic Candidate · Candidate · Medium partial sound
盖 gài保留为有限Cognitive / Phonetic-Semantic Candidate：现代sky的字面语义匹配Low、认知Medium，声音Medium partial。重构COVER深源只作独立Research语义比较，不与现代声音合成共同词源证据。
Featured source unit: modern sky (whole word)
Featured Mapping is optional. Pending 是有效研究状态，不是页面错误。
Featured 是编辑选择，不是证据等级。Historical Relation: Not claimed。
Old Norse · 中古北欧语时期，约9–14世纪语言层；非所引词的首见年
Stage candidate: 云 · yún
Semantic: direct · Phonetic: not_evaluated · Historical Relation: Not claimed
盖 gài保留为有限Cognitive / Phonetic-Semantic Candidate：现代sky的字面语义匹配Low、认知Medium，声音Medium partial。重构COVER深源只作独立Research语义比较，不与现代声音合成共同词源证据。 Shortlist
Research / Evidence · 研究与证据Modern English · 约1500年至今的现代层
Stage candidate: 天 · tiān
Semantic: direct · Phonetic: weak · Historical Relation: Not claimed
盖 gài保留为有限Cognitive / Phonetic-Semantic Candidate：现代sky的字面语义匹配Low、认知Medium，声音Medium partial。重构COVER深源只作独立Research语义比较，不与现代声音合成共同词源证据。 Shortlist
Research / Evidence · 研究与证据01
作者中文原文 · Author’s Chinese Text
站在山上向天空仰望，覺得天上的白雲在遊走，偶爾也會覺得地在走，房屋似此起彼伏的舢板與郵輪。
在海洋、大河，在我們能夠航行的地方，我們雖未遊走在這大地母親的每一處，哪怕只是走馬觀花，也可以看看地母的每處肌膚、每處骨骼外露之處——那是山脈與丘壑。
那藍天是我們的被蓋，晝日夜月，四季變換。
English Literary Translation · 英文文学译文
Standing on a mountain and looking up at the sky, I watch the white clouds wandering overhead. At moments the earth itself seems to move, while the houses rise and fall like sampans and ocean liners.
Across oceans and great rivers, wherever we are able to sail, we may never travel over every part of Mother Earth. Even in passing, however, we may glimpse her skin and the places where her bones lie exposed—the mountains, ridges and valleys.
The blue sky is the cover above us, changing through day and night, sun and moon, and the turning seasons.
Origin · 来源：Jinkai Liu Original Writing · Jinkai Liu 原创文字 Evidence Status · 证据状态：Poetic/Cultural · 文学／文化
盖 gài保留为有限Cognitive / Phonetic-Semantic Candidate：现代sky的字面语义匹配Low、认知Medium，声音Medium partial。重构COVER深源只作独立Research语义比较，不与现代声音合成共同词源证据。
Independent Research comparison: Reconstructed COVER → 盖 gài / 覆 fù; Semantic: Direct for COVER only; Phonetic: not_evaluated; No transfer of modern sky sound or score to reconstructed source; Historical Relation: Not claimed
Entry: Published · Publication: Published · Featured: Candidate · Evidence: 各项独立评级，纸本 Pending。
下列是已冻结的有限检索记录；历史阶段未冻结音值时，现代参照评分不会转入历史音评分。
Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证 · S0 + S3/SC
Meaning: 名词覆盖物；动词由上而下遮蔽
Semantic: High for reconstructed COVER meaning; Low lexical modern SKY/CLOUD; Medium cognitive
Phonetic: Medium partial：/skaɪ/ 与 gài [kai] 的 /k/、双元音近；多出 /s/，声调不同；S0历史音匹配Not evaluated，不挪用现代 /aɪ/
Group: g-k-h：只命中 /sk/ 的内部 /k/，非完整声母 · Shortlist · Priority: High
Counterevidence: 无云的天空仍是 sky；钙同音而无此义。现代 /aɪ/ 不可倒灌到 Norse ský
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Mainland: Pending: 未核具体纸本版次、原条和页码
具体来源Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证 · S3
Meaning: 天空；只取自然空间义
Semantic: High
Phonetic: Low：/tʰ/、/jɛn/ 与 /sk/、/aɪ/ 不配
Group: none · Shortlist · Priority: High
Counterevidence: 排除天帝、命运、一天等义；不能用天的其他义填满 sky 历史
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Mainland: Pending: 未核具体纸本版次、原条和页码
具体来源Modern Mandarin + historical character sense · 现代 cloud 义；雲古义在线转引《说文》（东汉），原版待核 · S1/S2
Meaning: 雲：天空中的云团
Semantic: High for CLOUD; Low for all modern SKY
Phonetic: Low：现代 yún 与 sky 不近；Norse 全音值未评分
Group: none · Shortlist · Priority: High
Counterevidence: 云不是天空全体；排除云=说；不用现代 sky 音替代 ský 音
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Mainland: Pending: 未核具体纸本版次、原条和页码
具体来源Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证 · S3
Meaning: 离地高处／空中；不是 kòng 空缺
Semantic: Medium–High in 天空/空中; 单字范围较宽
Phonetic: Low：/kʰ/ 同属软腭但送气、韵母 /ʊŋ/ 与 /aɪ/ 不同
Group: g-k-h expansion · Retain limited · Priority: Medium
Counterevidence: 不能把 empty 当 sky；只命中一个辅音并不超过盖的声音价值
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Mainland: Pending: 未核具体纸本版次、原条和页码
具体来源Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证 · S0/SC
Meaning: 遮盖
Semantic: High for reconstructed COVER meaning; Low lexical modern SKY/CLOUD; Medium cognitive
Phonetic: Low：/f,u/ 与 /sk,aɪ/ 不配；S0历史音匹配Not evaluated，不挪用现代 /aɪ/
Group: none · Retain limited · Priority: Medium
Counterevidence: SC 是研究解释，不是 Norse 新增历史阶段；排除倾覆义
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Mainland: Pending: 未核具体纸本版次、原条和页码
具体来源Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证 · S3
Meaning: 金属元素钙
Semantic: None
Phonetic: Medium partial：与盖同音，故同等接近 sky 的局部
Group: same selected /k/ feature · Negative control · Priority: Low
Counterevidence: 同等声音不带来天空语义
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Mainland: Pending: 未核具体纸本版次、原条和页码
具体来源Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证 · S3/SC
Meaning: 打开、开启
Semantic: Low：天空可开阔不等于开
Phonetic: Medium partial rhyme; 送气及 /s/ 缺失仍不同
Group: g-k-h expansion · Negative control · Priority: Low
Counterevidence: 开不是 sky/cloud；开放与覆盖也不能随意互换
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Mainland: Pending: 未核具体纸本版次、原条和页码
具体来源Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证 · S3
Meaning: 地面上方的广大空间
Semantic: High
Phonetic: Low：双音节且辅音韵母均不同
Group: none · Semantic control · Priority: Medium
Counterevidence: 与天、空共享语素，不算两个独立成功
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Mainland: Pending: 未核具体纸本版次、原条和页码
具体来源ský [S1]; ski (AHD); sky (normalized) [S2]; sky [S3]
Related meaning groups, not a strict dated sequence: CLOUD; CLOUD / SKY; 上方天空空间
盖 gài保留为有限Cognitive / Phonetic-Semantic Candidate：现代sky的字面语义匹配Low、认知Medium，声音Medium partial。重构COVER深源只作独立Research语义比较，不与现代声音合成共同词源证据。
Old Norse · 中古北欧语时期，约9–14世纪语言层；非所引词的首见年
Chinese Mapping: Candidates recorded
借入 Middle English；OE scēo 只记相关词，不作借入中间站
Source refs: TC3-SKY-SRC-02
Middle English · 约13世纪起所核英语记录
Chinese Mapping: Not selected
词义扩展；不能凭摘要确定两个 ME 义的精确先后
borrowing from S1: 词义扩展；不能凭摘要确定两个 ME 义的精确先后
Source refs: TC3-SKY-SRC-03
Modern English · 约1500年至今的现代层
Chinese Mapping: Candidates recorded
保留现代空间义；不纳入晚近动词
sense_continuation from S2: 保留现代空间义；不纳入晚近动词
Source refs: TC3-SKY-SRC-02
Source unit: ský · semantic_only
Chinese layer: Modern Mandarin · Modern Mandarin · 现代 cloud 义；雲古义在线转引《说文》（东汉），原版待核
yún [Modern Mandarin]
Semantic Fit: direct (Medium) — High for CLOUD; Low for all modern SKY
Phonetic Fit: not_evaluated (Unknown) — Historical pronunciation not_evaluated; modern reference Low. Low：现代 yún 与 sky 不近；Norse 全音值未评分
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Source unit: modern sky /skaɪ/; ABOVE-COVER cognitive comparison · whole_form
Chinese layer: Modern Mandarin · Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证
gài [Modern Mandarin]
Semantic Fit: indirect (Medium) — Modern SKY: literal Low / cognitive Medium. ABOVE-COVER inference only; reconstructed COVER evidence is separately archived, not used to improve this modern score.
Phonetic Fit: partial (Low) — Medium partial：/skaɪ/ 与 gài [kai] 的 /k/、双元音近；多出 /s/，声调不同；S0历史音匹配Not evaluated，不挪用现代 /aɪ/
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Source unit: sky · semantic_only
Chinese layer: Modern Mandarin · Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证
tiān [Modern Mandarin]
Semantic Fit: direct (Medium) — High
Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Low：/tʰ/、/jɛn/ 与 /sk/、/aɪ/ 不配
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Source unit: sky · semantic_only
Chinese layer: Modern Mandarin · Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证
kōng [Modern Mandarin]
Semantic Fit: partial (Medium) — Medium–High in 天空/空中; 单字范围较宽
Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Low：/kʰ/ 同属软腭但送气、韵母 /ʊŋ/ 与 /aɪ/ 不同
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Source unit: sky · semantic_only
Chinese layer: Modern Mandarin · Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证
fù [Modern Mandarin]
Semantic Fit: direct (Medium) — High for reconstructed COVER meaning; Low lexical modern SKY/CLOUD; Medium cognitive
Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Low：/f,u/ 与 /sk,aɪ/ 不配；S0历史音匹配Not evaluated，不挪用现代 /aɪ/
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Source unit: sky · semantic_only
Chinese layer: Modern Mandarin · Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证
gài [Modern Mandarin]
Semantic Fit: mismatch (Medium) — None
Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Medium partial：与盖同音，故同等接近 sky 的局部
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Source unit: sky · semantic_only
Chinese layer: Modern Mandarin · Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证
kāi [Modern Mandarin]
Semantic Fit: mismatch (Medium) — Low：天空可开阔不等于开
Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Medium partial rhyme; 送气及 /s/ 缺失仍不同
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Source unit: sky · semantic_only
Chinese layer: Modern Mandarin · Modern Mandarin · 现代；本轮不据此断定最早书证
tiānkōng [Modern Mandarin]
Semantic Fit: direct (Medium) — High
Phonetic Fit: weak (Low) — Low：双音节且辅音韵母均不同
Historical Relation: Not claimed
Migration baseline: 16e144fd83c1fe048b3abd84196a0529fe04df3b. 原有评级、评分、反例及逐项来源见本页各折叠研究章节；本批按已批准 Freeze 校准；旧主张不代表当前证据等级。
Approved Freeze source · indoeurop.html · TC3-SKY-SRC-01
Approved Freeze source · sky · TC3-SKY-SRC-02
Approved Freeze source · search.html?q=sky · TC3-SKY-SRC-03
Approved Freeze source · 盖 · TC3-SKY-SRC-04
Approved Freeze source · 天 · TC3-SKY-SRC-05
Approved Freeze source · 云 · TC3-SKY-SRC-06
Approved Freeze source · 空 · TC3-SKY-SRC-07
Approved Freeze source · 覆 · TC3-SKY-SRC-08
Approved Freeze source · 钙 · TC3-SKY-SRC-09
Approved Freeze source · 开 · TC3-SKY-SRC-10
Approved Freeze source · 天空 · TC3-SKY-SRC-11
完整结构化研究记录盖 gài保留为有限Cognitive / Phonetic-Semantic Candidate：现代sky的字面语义匹配Low、认知Medium，声音Medium partial。重构COVER深源只作独立Research语义比较，不与现代声音合成共同词源证据。
Language Book · Entry 001 · 语言书词条 001
Featured phonetic-semantic candidate · 特色音义候选
Standard translation · 通用翻译：天空 tiānkōng
Version 1.7 · Author-text Literary and Cosmological Revision · 作者原文、文学与宇宙观修订版 · 2026-09-04
English
The sky is the visible expanse above us. Language also turns it into height, distance, freedom, fate, shelter and the boundary of an imagined world.
中文
天空是我们上方可见的广阔空间；语言又把它转化为高度、距离、自由、命运、庇护以及想象世界的边界。
01
作者中文原文 · Author’s Chinese Text
站在山上向天空仰望，覺得天上的白雲在遊走，偶爾也會覺得地在走，房屋似此起彼伏的舢板與郵輪。
在海洋、大河，在我們能夠航行的地方，我們雖未遊走在這大地母親的每一處，哪怕只是走馬觀花，也可以看看地母的每處肌膚、每處骨骼外露之處——那是山脈與丘壑。
那藍天是我們的被蓋，晝日夜月，四季變換。
English Literary Translation · 英文文学译文
Standing on a mountain and looking up at the sky, I watch the white clouds wandering overhead. At moments the earth itself seems to move, while the houses rise and fall like sampans and ocean liners.
Across oceans and great rivers, wherever we are able to sail, we may never travel over every part of Mother Earth. Even in passing, however, we may glimpse her skin and the places where her bones lie exposed—the mountains, ridges and valleys.
The blue sky is the cover above us, changing through day and night, sun and moon, and the turning seasons.
Origin · 来源：Jinkai Liu Original Writing · Jinkai Liu 原创文字 Evidence Status · 证据状态：Poetic/Cultural · 文学／文化
02
Sky · 天空
the visible region above the earth
从地面向上看见的广大空间
Heaven · 天
the sky; also a religious, philosophical or cosmological realm
天空；也可表示宗教、哲学或宇宙观中的天界
Firmament · 苍穹／穹苍
a literary or archaic vault of heaven
文学性或古典语境中的穹隆天空
Cover · 盖
a structure placed over something; an experimental metaphorical mapping for sky
覆盖在事物上方的结构；在本词条中作为 sky 的实验性隐喻映射
03
| Language · 语言 | Form · 词形 | Use · 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| English · 英语 | sky /skaɪ/ | ordinary visible sky · 日常可见天空 |
| Chinese · 汉语 | 天空 tiānkōng | ordinary direct equivalent · 常用直接对应 |
| Chinese · 汉语 | 天 tiān | sky, heaven, day, cosmological heaven · 天空、天界、日、宇宙观之天 |
| Chinese · 汉语 | 昊 hào | vast sky; literary · 广大天空；文学用语 |
| French · 法语 | ciel /sjɛl/ | sky or heaven · 天空或天界 |
| Collanguage hypothesis · 原创假说 | sky ↔ 盖 gài | phonetic–semantic experiment, not a standard translation · 语音—语义实验，不是日常标准翻译 |
04
English sky
English sky entered Middle English through Old Norse ský, which referred to a cloud. Its meaning later expanded from “cloud” to the visible upper region.
Established · 已确立 Source: Merriam-Webster word history.
英语 sky
英语 sky 经古诺尔斯语 ský 进入中古英语；该词原来表示“云”，后来由“云”扩展为人们所见的上方天空。
Established · 已确立 来源：Merriam-Webster 词史。
Chinese 天
Early forms of 天 commonly depict a standing human figure with the head or highest point emphasized. The graph came to designate what is highest and, by semantic extension, the firmament above human beings.
汉字“天”
“天”的早期字形通常表现为一个正面站立的人形，并突出人的头部或最高位置。因此，“天”可以表示人的最高处，并进一步引申为人类头顶上方的苍穹。
Sources · 来源：Merriam-Webster: sky；CNRTL: ciel；香港中文大学《汉语多功能字库》：天。
05
English explanation
The Gaitian model was one of the cosmological models of ancient China. It represented heaven as a canopy or vaulted cover extending above the earth.
The sky resembles a domed tent, covering the surrounding fields.
This image from the Northern Dynasties folk song Song of Chile illustrates the cultural metaphor of the sky as a cover.
中文解释
盖天说是中国古代宇宙观之一。古人以穹盖想象天空：“天圆如张盖，地方如棋局。”在这种空间想象中，天如张开的伞盖或穹庐，覆盖大地。
天似穹庐，笼盖四野。天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊。
北朝乐府民歌《敕勒歌》体现了“天空如覆盖物”的文化隐喻。
Text sources · 文本来源：《周髀》相关盖天材料；《敕勒歌》。古代模型与现代大气科学在本词条中保持分离。
Modern scientific description
The visible sky involves the atmosphere, the scattering of light, clouds and the appearance of celestial bodies. This scientific account should not be treated as identical to the ancient Gaitian model.
现代科学说明
从现代观察而言，我们所见的天空景象与大气层、云层、光线散射和天体有关；平流层与电离层属于不同的大气区域，人造卫星通常运行于地球外部空间。现代科学解释与古代盖天模型属于不同知识体系，不能直接等同。
Poetic/Cultural · 文学／文化
06
This module applies the three mechanisms defined in the Mapping Framework · 多维映射框架. Discovery, Creation and Transformation are recorded separately so historical evidence, cultural interpretation and newly created meaning are not confused.
本模块采用多维映射框架所定义的三大机制，并将“发现、创造、转换”分别记录，避免把历史证据、文化解释与新创造的意义混为一谈。
01 · Discovery · 发现
/k/ and /g/ are velar stops; their comparison belongs to the proposed G/K/H hypothesis and remains experimental. · /k/ 与 /g/ 同属软腭塞音；二者的比较属于拟议的 G/K/H 假说，状态仍为实验性。
The /aɪ/ sequence and velar consonants are comparable, but initial /s/, voicing and Mandarin tone do not correspond. · /aɪ/ 音段与软腭辅音可比较，但词首 /s/、清浊和汉语声调并不对应。
What extends above a viewer can be conceptualized as a cover, canopy or dome. This supports a cognitive association, not historical descent. · 位于观察者上方并延展的事物可被理解为覆盖物、伞盖或穹隆；这支持认知关联，不证明历史传承。
天 supplies the Chinese sky/heaven field; 乾 provides an experimental structural classification; 盖天说 records a historical cultural model of heaven as a cover. · “天”提供汉语的天空／天界语义场；“乾”提供实验性结构分类；“盖天说”记录了以覆盖物理解天的历史文化模型。
02 · Creation · 创造
Created relation
“The blue sky is the cover above us” and images such as a tent, roof, shelter or boundary deliberately activate a new relation between SKY and COVER in poetry, narration and translation.
被创造的关系
“蓝天是覆盖我们的被盖”，以及帐幕、屋顶、庇护或边界等意象，在诗歌、叙事与翻译中主动建立 SKY 与 COVER 的新关系。
Creation boundary · 创造边界： A literary or metaphorical relation may be meaningful and reusable, but it is not evidence of historical etymology. · 文学或隐喻关系可以有意义、可复用，但不构成历史词源证据。
03 · Transformation · 转换
SKY → ABOVE SPACE → COVER / DOME → GEOMETRIC / VISUAL FORM
Transformation tests what remains stable across language, spatial cognition, object metaphor and geometry; it does not claim that one form historically generated all the others. · “转换”检验语言、空间认知、物体隐喻与几何形态之间哪些结构保持稳定；它不主张其中一种形式在历史上生成了其余全部形式。
07
English
The sixty-four hexagrams may be studied as a structural symbol system composed of yin and yang lines. Collanguage asks whether their combinations can classify recurring states in nature, society, technology and human life, in a manner comparable—at the level of structural analogy—to a code.
heaven, above, motion, creative force and strength
earth, below, receptivity, support and containment
中文
六十四卦可以作为一种由阴爻和阳爻组成的结构性符号系统来研究。Collanguage 尝试考察这些组合能否像一种结构编码，对自然、社会、技术及人生变化中反复出现的状态进行分类。
天、上方、运行、创造性与刚健
地、下方、承载、接受与包容
乾，元亨利貞。初九，潛龍勿用。九二，見龍在田，利見大人。九三，君子終日乾乾，夕惕若，厲无咎。九四，或躍在淵，无咎。九五，飛龍在天，利見大人。上九，亢龍有悔。用九，見群龍无首，吉。
The text is preserved here as a classical cultural source. A complete scholarly translation and edition citation should be added before formal academic publication. · 此处将原文作为古典文化材料保存；正式学术发表前应补充完整英译和版本出处。
Author hypothesis · 作者原始假说
“六十四卦图是我们的另一种文字。所有卦象都是从乾卦而来。”
The sixty-four hexagrams may be studied as another kind of writing; the author proposes Qian as their originating structure.
Speculative / Testable · 推测性／可检验
“六十四卦是一种结构性符号系统”可作为比较框架；“所有卦象都从乾卦而来”是作者解释，不作为已经确立的《易》学或历史结论。若要检验，须先说明“从……而来”指组合生成、象征优先还是历史起源，并把坤卦及阴爻纳入对照。
Poetic/Cultural + Experimental · 文学／文化＋实验性
08
| Rule ID · 规则编号 | UNI-SKY-001 |
|---|---|
| Claim · 假说 | sky ↔ 盖 |
| Origin · 来源 | Jinkai Liu Original Hypothesis · Jinkai Liu 原创假说 |
| Author · 作者 | Jinkai Liu |
| Mapping Type · 映射类型 | Phonetic–Semantic Mapping · 语音—语义映射 |
| Theoretical Support · 理论支持 | Spatial semantics; conceptual metaphor; proposed G–K–H consonant grouping · 空间语义、概念隐喻、拟议的 G–K–H 辅音组 |
| Supporting Cases · 支持材料 | /aɪ/ similarity; velar consonants; sky-as-cover metaphor; Gaitian and literary examples · /aɪ/ 相似、软腭辅音、天空如盖隐喻、盖天说与文学例证 |
| Counterevidence · 反证／未对应 | Initial /s/; voicing; tone; independent documented etymologies · 词首 /s/、清浊、声调、各自独立的文献词源 |
| Evidence Status · 证据状态 | Experimental · 实验性 |
| Historical Cognacy · 历史同源 | Not established · 未确立 |
| Review Status · 审核状态 | Author-proposed; AI-assisted preliminary analysis; expert review pending · 作者提出；AI 辅助初步分析；等待专家评审 |
| Version / Date · 版本／日期 | 1.7 / 2026-09-04 |
09
Default everyday and scientific contexts.
日常与一般科学语境的默认译法。
Compact, classical, idiomatic or cosmological contexts.
简洁、古典、习语或宇宙观语境。
Literary register emphasizing vastness or a vault.
强调辽阔或穹隆意象的文学语体。
Only when the cover metaphor is activated; 盖 alone is not the default lexical translation.
仅在“覆盖物”隐喻被激活时采用；单独的“盖”不是日常默认词义翻译。
10
11
English
Contributors are invited to test the sky–盖 hypothesis, add counterexamples, identify historical sources, compare dialectal pronunciations and propose alternative translations. Every contribution should retain its author, source and evidence status.
中文
欢迎贡献者检验 sky—盖 假说、补充反例、查找历史材料、比较方言读音并提出其他翻译方案。每项贡献都应保留作者、来源与证据状态。
Mainland-first：纸本原条、版次与页码未核者Pending。以下引用沿用已批准研究。
Approved Freeze source · indoeurop.html